ARMY 



385 



ARMY WORM 



of physique and intelligence was always low. 

 There were severe difficulties for the nation 

 to overcome in mobilization, because of the 

 vast area of the country and the poor railroad 

 communications. Although Russia supported 

 the largest standing army in the world before 

 the 1917 revolution the burden upon the people 

 was never heavy. It is estimated that its total 

 yearly cost in times of peace was about $320,- 

 000,000, or only $1.87 per unit of population. 

 See RUSSIA. 



Italian Army. The Italian army is also 

 organized on the principle of universal liability 

 to service. Italy claims war resources to the 

 extent of 3,150,000 men, with a total permanent 

 force in peace time of about 400,000. 



Italian regiments are not recruited from geo- 

 graphical sections, but each unit receives 

 reinforcements from all parts of the country 

 and the troops change their stations every four 

 n. This plan, in direct opposition to the 

 French and German method, is adopted so 

 that the young men from one section of the 

 country will make friends with those from 

 another, thus welding together the different 

 elements of the nation. The army is directed 

 by a Minister of War and a general staff. Its 

 total yearly cost in peaceful times is estimated 

 at $80,000,000, or about $2.25 per unit of popu- 

 lation. 



Austria-Hungary. The armies of the dual 

 monarchy were modeled after those of Ger- 

 many. Before the War of the Nations their 

 strength was estimated at 820,000 regular men 

 and about 2,000,000 trained reservists, but actu- 

 ally over 4,000,000 men are thought to have 

 served in the war. By the terms of peace Aus- 

 tria could no longer have an army ; Hungary 

 had demobilized before 1919. 



Other Nations. Most of the nations of the 

 world follow the system of compulsory service, 

 though in varying degrees. Japan, nearly all 

 the European countries not named above, and 

 some of the South American republics in.tn 

 military forces of importance. The British 

 armies in the War of the Nations were supple- 

 (! by large contingents of volunteers 

 from the Dominion and other colonies. L.R.Q. 



it, int.. I ^iii.j.rm. Those volumes contain a 

 large number of art u the reader inter- 



acted In military affairs will flnd helpful. 



mt 

 I 



Ammunition 

 Amnesty 

 25 



GENERAL TOPICS 



Armistice 

 Armor 

 Armory 

 Arma 



ARMY WORM, a caterpillar which is so 

 rallrd because it sometimes appears in hordes 

 of enormous numbers that march across the 

 N like great armies and devour every green 

 flung thry inert. Tins rat, -rpill:ir is of a 

 dark-grny color strip.,! with yellow and is 

 about two inches long. This insect is a native 

 of North America, but is now found all over 



