ART AND THE ARTS 



390 



ARTEMIS 



ancc, and no injury to the property of another 

 arises from the burning, the act is not con- 

 sidered a penal offense, although the sanity 

 of one committing such an act might be made 

 a subject of investigation. 



ART AND THE ARTS. The word art brings 

 to the mind a variety of work designed to 

 please the eye and excite the esthetic emotions. 

 To one person it may suggest a beautiful paint- 

 ing; to another, a graceful statue; to another, 

 a noble cathedral. Beauty is almost always 

 associated with it, but not all things that are 

 beautiful are works of art. The traveler home 

 from Europe will recall with equal pleasure the 

 wonders of the Swiss Alps and those of the 

 great paintings in the Louvre at Paris, but in 

 the one case he will say that nature has given 

 man a beautiful group of mountains; in the 

 other, man has used his genius to produce 

 objects of beauty for the happiness of his 

 fellow-beings. Art, therefore, in a very broad 

 sense, stands for those things which are the 

 creations of man and not of nature. A work 

 of art, then, is the product of man's intellect 

 and imagination, as well as the work of his 

 hands; in the words of Ruskin, "Art is the 

 work of the whole spirit of man." 



This word art is one of the most elastic in 

 the language. The art of a people includes 

 their sculpture, painting, architecture, etc., and 

 each one of these branches is an art. Further- 

 more, the power to paint a picture, for instance, 

 and the act of doing it are included in the 

 term, as well as the rules that are observed. 

 Art, however, does not discover the laws by 

 which objects of beauty are created. This is 

 the work of science, and a convenient way to 

 distinguish these two fields of human endeavor 

 is to say that science consists in knowing; art 

 consists in doing. 



Art has grown out of the vital needs of the 

 human race. Primitive man needed tools to 

 till the soil, dishes from which to eat and 

 drink, weapons to use in hunting and warfare. 

 At first he made the unshaped stone, a product 

 of nature, do his work for him ; then he learned 

 how to shape it to adapt it to his needs; still 

 later he discovered the uses of different metals 

 and something of the effect of fire on these, 

 and he learned how to mold clay vessels and 

 how to bake them in the sun or in ovens. In 

 the course of time he began to have a sense 

 of pride in his achievements, and found satis- 

 faction in making his tools and dishes beautiful 

 as well as useful. He found that when the 

 objects about him were harmonious in form 



and color and arrangement they gave him 

 much more pleasure than when they were 

 disharmonious, and so it has been his constant 

 effort to src-ure that harmony or beauty. 



Scope of the Arts. The use of the word 

 arts has so widened that it now includes prac- 

 tically all of the industries that require skill 

 in handwork, not only weaving, embroidering, 

 pottery making and the like, but the various 

 trades, such as carpentery, blacksmithing, etc. 

 These are grouped under the name useful, or 

 mechanic arts, while painting, sculpture, archi- 

 tecture, music and poetry the arts of beauty- 

 are known as the fine arts. Often it is diiiicult 

 to set a hard and fast rule as to the use of the 

 above terms, for in some of the arts, notably 

 architecture, beauty and usefulness are insep- 

 arable. B.M.W. 



Related Subjects. The index that follows 

 does not show the full extent of the treatment 

 given to art in these volumes, for the details 

 relating to the fine arts, sculpture, painting, 

 architecture and music, are indexed under those 

 topics. This list refers only to the more general 

 articles : 



The following are artists, who cannot be clas- 

 sified under a specific heading, as painters, 

 sculptors, cartoonists, or architects: 



Christy, Howard C. 

 Cruikshank, George 



Greenaway, Kate 

 Palissy, Bernard 



DuMaurier, G. L. P. B. Pennell, Joseph 



Fisher, Harrison 

 Flagg, James M. 

 Gibson, Charles D. 



Pyle, Howard 

 Shaw, Henry W. 

 Tenniel, Sir John 



ARTEMIS, ar'temis, the Greek name for 

 the twin sister of Apollo, the virgin goddess 

 whom the Romans called Diana. 



