ARTHUR 



ARTICHOKE 



His tact and his breadth of view were shown 

 on the occasion of the dedication at York- 

 town, Va., of a monument to commemorate the 

 surrender of Cornwallis. On that occasion he 

 ordered a salute fired in honor of the British 

 flag "to show the respect entertained by the 

 American people for the illustrious sovereign 

 and gracious lady who site upon the British 

 throne." 



On October 29, 1859, Arthur married Ellen 

 L. Heradon, who died the year before his 

 election to the Vice-Presidency, leaving two 

 children. 



One of the five statesmen mentioned in the 

 above article as being elected Vice-President 

 and coming into the higher office on the death 

 of the President Theodore Roosevelt unlike 

 the others, was at the next election chosen for 

 a full term. W.F.Z. 



Consult Stoddard's Life of Chester A. Arthur; 

 Smalley's Life of Cheater A. Arthur. 



ARTHUR, SIR GEORGE (1784-1854), a British 

 colonial administrator, lieutenant-governor of 

 Upper Canada from 1837 until the union of 

 Upper and Lower Canada in 1841. After win- 

 ning distinction during a ten-year career in 

 the army, he was in 1814 appointed lieutenant- 

 governor of British Honduras, and from 1823 

 to 1837 was lieutenant-governor of Tasmania. 

 His success in dealing with disturbances in Tas- 

 mania led to his appointment in 1837 as lieu- 

 tenant-governor of Upper Canada, where the 

 rebellion led by William Lyon Mackenzie had 

 just been suppressed. Arthur determined to 

 punish all the rebels severely. Two of them 

 were executed, the jails were filled with prison- 

 ers, and only the interference of the British 

 government prevented further executions. 

 Arthur made the mistake of attempting to 

 deal with Canadians as he had dealt with the 

 Tasmania colonists, many of whom were ex- 

 convicts. As governor of Bombay from 1842 

 to 1846 he helped to place British rule in India 

 on a firm basis. 



ARTHUR, JULIA, the stage name of IDA 

 LKWIS (1869- ), a Canadian actress, born in 

 Hamilton, Ont., best known for her ^perform- 

 ances of Rosalind in As You Like It and of 

 other Shakespearean characters. She made her 

 first professional appearance on the stage at 

 the age of fourteen as the Prince of Wales in 

 1 Shakespeare's Richard III. After meeting with 

 much success in this and other parts she be- 

 came in 1895 a member of the company headed 

 by Sir Henry Irving and Ellen Terry, with 

 whom she played for several seasons, both in 



England and America. In 1898 she married 

 B. P. Cheney, Jr., and two years later retired 

 from the stage. In 1916, after an interval of 

 sixteen years, she again played in Shake- 

 >l>r:iivan roles, on the occasion of the celebra- 

 tion of the ter-centennial of Shakespeare's 

 death. In the same year she was the star in 

 The Eternal Magdalene. 



ARTHUR, KING, the great national hero of 

 the Britons, said to have reigned as their king 

 in the sixth century. He married Guinevere, 

 a royal princess, and set up his court at 

 Caerleon-on-Usk, in Wales. There the king 

 and his knights used to gather about a circular 

 marble table in the hall of the palace, and 

 these became celebrated as the Knights of the 

 Round Table. King Arthur drove out the 

 invaders of his country, brought peace and 

 order to the land, and his knights went about 

 doing good. See ROUND TABLE, KNIGHTS OF, 

 for illustration. 



The king was an example to his people of 

 purity and righteousness; some of his knights 

 remained evil and treacherous, however, and 

 while he was absent jon an expedition to Rome, 

 Modred, his nephew, stirred up a rebellion. 

 In his contest with the rebellious knights on 

 his return, Arthur was mortally wounded. He 

 was carried away to an island of Avalon to be 

 healed, and for a long time the Britons in the 

 generations which followed believed that he 

 would return and again establish his righteous 

 rule. This story of Arthur is supposed to be 

 part history and part legend. It has been used 

 as a basis for many poems, notably Tennyson's 

 Idylls of the King (which see). Lowell makes 

 his Sir Launfal in the poem of that name one 

 of Arthur's knights. 



THE ARTICHOKE 



ARTICHOKE, ar' ti choke, a thistle-like plant 

 used in some countries as a vegetable. The 

 stem is two or three feet high and bears sev- 



