AUGUSTUS 



477 



AUK 



was a grand-nephew of Julius Caesar, by whom 

 he was adopted, and was studying in Illyricum 

 at the time of Caesar's assassination. Proceed- 

 ing to Rome to claim his uncle's property and 

 avenge his death, he came into conflict with 

 Antony, but the latter was overcome and 

 Octavianus succeeded in getting himself chosen 

 consul. Soon afterward, having become recon- 

 i Antony, he formed, with him and 

 Lepidus, the second triumvirate (see TRIUM- 

 IE). This alliance resulted in a proscrip- 

 in winch 300 Senators and 2,000 knights 

 put to death. 



Rise to Power. Next year Octavianus and 

 Antony the republican army under 



Brutus andCassius at Philippi, and the victors 

 now divided the Roman world between them, 

 Octavianus taking the West, Antony the East, 





and Lepidus 



S e x t u s 

 Pompeius, who 

 had made him- 

 self formidable at. 

 sea, was put 

 down; and soon 

 after, Lepidus, 

 who had never 

 li:i-l more than an 

 appearance of 



was de- 

 prived of all 

 authority and ro- 

 :to private 

 life. Antony and 

 mufi now 

 shared tin 

 pi re between 

 m; but 



while tin- for- 



M the East, 

 gave himself up 

 to a life of luxury and alienated the Romans 

 by hia Life at the court of Cleopatra, Octa- 

 vianus skilfully cultivated popularity and 

 soon declared war against the <|urn ,,t 

 The naval victory of Actiuin. in winch the 



tony and Cleopatra was d< 

 made Octavianus master of the world, 31 B.C. 



AUGUSTUS 



Fr OH I 



He returned to Rome, celebrated a splendid 

 triumph, and caused the temple of Janus to 

 be closed as a sign of universal peace. Grad- 

 ually all the highest offices of state, civil and 

 religious, were united in his hands, and the new 

 title of Augustus was formally conferred by 

 the senate in 27 B. c. Sec : CLEOPATRA. 



Achievements. Under Augustus successful 

 wars were carried on in Africa and Asia, in 

 Gaul and Spain, in Pannonia and in Dalmatia ; 

 but the defeat of Varus by the Germans under 

 Arminius, with the loss of three legions, in 



ROMAN EMPIRE 



A.D. 14 



EXTENT OF EMPIRE AT DEATH OF 

 AUGUSTUS 



1 Italy 



2 Spain 



3 Gaul 



4 Illyrlcum 



5 Macedonia 



6 Asia 

 7 S-. 



8 Xumidia 

 9 Cyrenalca 

 10 Egypt 



A. D. 9, was a great blow to him. One of his 

 works was the adorning of Rome in such 

 a manner that it was said, "He found it of 

 brick, and left it of marble." The people 

 erected altars to him as to a god, and by a 

 d< cree of the senate the month Scxtilis was 

 called Augustus. His death, which took ] 



at Nola, plungi d tin Empire into the uH-utest 



. Augustus was timer married, but had 



>n. and was succeeded by his stepson, 



Tiberius. It was during tin- rrign of Augustus 



that Jesus was born in Bethlehem. ,\ 



AUK, name applied to several species 



of diving Miid swimming birds found in Arctic 

 >ns and particularly common on the shores 

 of Siberia and Alask a Tin > are closely r I at< d 

 I loons and. )ikc th. m. are 

 clumsy on land but swim with r 

 speed both on the nu-farp and under tl 



'.v and spend the winter on 

 open seas, going to northern rooky coasts in 



Ionics of tens of 



thousands they make th.it nesting places on 

 ledges of rock, and thorp, with no pretense 



