BALKAN WARS 



554 



BALKAN WARS 



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3 Romania 

 Serbia. 

 Bulgaria 

 Turkey in Europe 

 Greece 

 Albania 

 Montenegro 



BEFORE AND AFTER THE BALKAN WARS 



At the left, the boundaries of the countries before the conflicts ; at right, the boundaries after 



peace was declared. 



and pay a war indemnity. These conditions 

 the Turks regarded as tpo humiliating, and the 

 delegates could reach no agreement. 



The War Resumed. The Balkan delegates 

 withdrew from the conference, and hostilities 

 began again in February, 1913, continuing until 

 May 3. During this second campaign Janina 

 was captured by the Greeks, the Bulgarians 

 took Adrianople, and Scutari fell before the 

 Montenegrins. 



: Second Peace Conference. A second peace 

 conference met in London on May 20, and on 

 May 30 arranged a treaty of peace between 

 Turkey and the Balkan states. By this treaty 

 Turkey lost nearly all her territory in Europe; 

 Albania was made an independent principality ; 

 Serbia obtained large additions of territory in 

 Macedonia; Bulgaria secured an extension of 

 territory to the Aegean Sea, and secured 

 Adrianople; and Greece gained Crete and ex- 

 tended her boundaries to include the province 

 of Saloniki. 



The Second War. Evidences of jealousy 

 among the allies first appeared a month after 

 the opening of hostilities, when the Bulgarians 



and Serbians insisted on sending some of their 

 troops to Saloniki, which had already been 

 occupied by the Greeks. A more serious prob- 

 lem, which now appeared, concerned Albania 

 (which see). In March, 1912, Bulgaria and 

 Serbia made a secret treaty providing for a 

 division of the territory they planned to con- 

 quer from Turkey. By this agreement Serbia 

 was to receive the greater part of Albania, and 

 thus win a port on the Adriatic Sea. Serbia 

 was deprived of this territory by the erection 

 of Albania into an independent principality. 

 Bulgaria, on the other hand, by the treaty of 

 peace received not merely the territory agreed 

 upon by the secret treaty with Serbia, but also 

 Adrianople and a considerable area in addi- 

 tion. Serbia at once claimed that the treaty 

 of peace established new conditions as a result 

 of which "Bulgaria should not expect the pre- 

 liminary engagements to be carried out." To 

 this claim Bulgaria replied that a treaty was 

 a treaty, and that the gain of eastern Thrace in 

 no way invalidated the old agreement. 



In April, 1913, Serbia announced that it 

 would not be bound by the treaty of alliance of 



