BARBECUE 



;,so 



BARBIZON PAINTERS 



BARBECUE, bahr'beku, a word of doubt- 

 ful origin. It first signified the practice of 

 roasting a hog, ox, or other large animal entire, 

 on a rude gridiron of stakes placed in an open 

 field. From this the meaning of the word has 

 been extended to apply to any open air cele- 

 bration where animals roasted whole, and large 

 quantities of other food and drink are the lead- 

 ing feature of entertainment. Barbecues, espe- 

 cially in the West and South, were formerly 

 often given in connection with open air public 

 meetings, but they have lost much of their 

 popular character, and have been abandoned 

 completely in most parts of the country. 



BARBER, a word derived from the Latin 

 barba, meaning a beard, and applied to one 

 whose occupation is to shave or trim the beard 

 and cut and dress the hair. In early days bar- 

 bers also practiced surgery, but the two pro- 

 fessions were made distinct by an act passed 

 during the reign of Henry VIII by which the 

 barber-surgeons were forbidden to perform any 

 surgical operation but blood-letting and tooth 

 drawing, and the surgeons were not to practice 

 "barbery," or shaving. This continued till the 

 time of George II. 



The sign of the old profession the pole with 

 its stripes representing the bandage with which 

 the barber wrapped the patient after blood- 

 letting is still retained by barbers. In the 

 United States barbers are organized in a power- 

 ful trade union which regulates wages, hours of 

 work and charges to be made. Women have 

 entered the profession in large cities, where 

 they feel public opinion will not frown too 

 heavily upon them. There are barbers' schools 

 in which young men may learn the trade in a 

 fairly scientific way, but most barbers begin 

 thrir career in this trade as boys-of-all-work in 

 the shop and gradually learn the details. 



Barbers Itch. This is an irritating, unsightly 

 and infectious rash, appearing on the face and 

 neck, so-called because it is usually conveyed 

 by the use of unclean barbers' instruments. If 

 not carefully treated, the rash develops int.. 

 large sores which discharge yellowish matter or 

 pus. The trouble is caused by a parasitic 

 is which finds it way into the hair cavi- 

 ties; it can be cured only by the complete 

 destruction of the parasite. This can be ac- 

 complished by use of antiseptic washes, but it 

 is always advisable to obtain a physician's 

 advice. 



In many states barbers are required to keep 



tlu ir v.i run is instruments in an antiseptic con- 



B, Th-ir shops are regularly inspected by 



an expert working under the authority of the 

 state. 



BAR 'BERRY, an ornamental shrub con- 

 sisting of about 100 species, which grow in the 

 temperate regions of both the eastern and 

 western hemispheres. The common barberry, 

 found in Eastern New England and in the 

 Upper Mississippi valley, is a spiny shrub 

 from four to six feet high, bearing oblong 

 leaves with saw-toothed edges, pale yellow 

 flowers and scarlet or orange-scarlet berries. 

 The latter are extremely sour, and are used 

 in making a jelly of beautiful color and at- 

 tractive flavor. The stamens of the barberry 

 blossoms are interesting to study, for they are 

 held away from the pistils by a fold in tin 

 corolla, and are released only by the breath 

 of the wind, a touch of the hand or a passing 

 insect. The barberry is a favorite shrub for 

 hedge fences, but should not be planted in 

 wheat-growing districts, as a yellow fungus, 

 very destructive to the grain, is often found on 

 the under side of the leaves. The root of some 

 species of barberry produces a yellow dye used 

 in coloring wool, and the bark of some is used 

 in tanning. India produces a barberry that has 

 medicinal properties, the extract obtained from 

 it being used in treating inflammation of the 

 eye. 



BARBERTON, OHIO, a city in Summit 

 County, in the northeastern part of the state, 

 known locally as the Magic City, because of its 

 rapid growth. It was settled in 1815, but its 

 growth began in 1892, when it was incorpo- 

 rated; in that year O. C. Barber, president of 

 the Diamond Match Company, centered his 

 interests here. In 1910 the population was 

 9,410; in 1914 there was an increase to 12,092. 

 The city is seven miles southwest of Akron and 

 thirty miles south of Cleveland, on the Erie, 

 the Baltimore & Ohio and Pennsylvania rail- 

 roads; an electric line extends west to Wads- 

 worth. The area exceeds two square miles. 



The chief industry of Barberton is that of 

 making matches and match-machinery. Sewer- 

 pipes, boilers, chemicals, valves, rubber, straw- 

 board, pottery, porcelain, salt and paint are 

 among other important manufactures. Barber- 

 ton was orivm.tllv known as New Portage. 



BARBIZON, hahrbczon', PAINTERS, one 

 of the most important groups of nature paint- 

 era in all the history of art. They lived and 

 work Barb iron region in France, near 



'! forest of Fontainebleau, and were not a 

 "school" of painters any more than the Lake 

 poets of England were a "school" of poets. 



