BARNARD 



BARNARD 



piles beneath the water and the bottoms of 

 wooden ships soon become covered with bar- 

 nacles. 



The young barnacle just hatched from the 

 egg is a little, .-ix-legged, free-swimming animal, 

 with a single eye. In its next stage it has six 

 pairs of swimming feet, two compound eyes and 

 two large feelers, and is still independent and 

 free-swimming. In its third or adult stage, it 

 attaches itself to a stone, pile or ship's bottom, 

 loses its eyes and feelers, develops a hard shell 

 and loses all power of locomotion. Its swim- 

 ming feet become clinging or grasping organs. 



At quite regular intervals ocean vessels must 



Columbia University), in New York City, a 

 position he held twenty-four years. Barnard 

 was United States commissioner to the Paris 

 1 .position in 1867 and was also associated with 

 the United States Coast Survey. At his death 

 he left most of his property to Columbia Col- 

 lege. He edited, in 1872, Johnson's Universal 

 Cyclopedia, and was the author of A Treatise 

 on Arithmetic, Letters on Collegiate Govern- 

 ment and Recent Progress in Science. 



BAR'NARD, GEORGE GREY (1863- ), one 

 of the most distinguished of American sculp- 

 tors, whose reputation is even greater abroad 

 than at home. He is not what could be called 



VARIOUS FORMS OF BARNACLES 



enter drydock to have the accumulation of bar- 

 nacles cleaned from their bottoms; this is par- 

 ticularly true of wooden ships. All barnacles 

 are salt-water animals, except one rare species 

 which lives in brackish fresh waters. The salt- 

 water species feed on small marine animals 

 brought within their reach by the water and 

 secured by their tentacles. Some of the la: 

 species are edible. According to an old fable, 

 these animals produced barnacle geese. 



Barnacle Goose. This name is applied to a 

 wild goose common in Northern Europe, par- 

 ticularly in the North Sea adjacent to the 

 Scandinavian Peninsula. Its forehead and chest 

 are white, and the upper body and neck black. 

 The name is due to the ancient absurd belief 

 above referred to. 



BAR'NARD, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER 

 (1809-1889), an American educator for whom 

 Barnard College, an institution for women, 

 connected with Columbia Um New 



York City, is named. He was born at Sheffield, 

 Mass., and educated at Yale Col I. n He began 

 his career as a teacher of the deaf and dumb, 

 but in 1848 became professor of natural phi- 

 losophy and mathematics in the University of 

 Alabama. In 1856 he was elected president of 

 tin University of Mississippi and in 1864 be- 

 came president of Columbia College (now 



a popular artist, for his work is so original as 

 well as idealistic that it does not always make 

 an immediate appeal. Some of his productions, 

 as the well-known Two Natures, marvellously 

 executed as they are and from that standpoint 

 entirely satisfying, are so mysterious in their 

 symbolism that they do not disclose their 

 meaning to the closest observer. In this great 

 work, which is in the Metropolitan Museum 

 of Art, in New York, and which the artist calls 

 in full / /'. < / Two Natures Struggling Within 

 Me, the struggle is indeed shown, and the Mi- 

 tor is clearly evident, but nothing in face or 

 1m i ire shows which nature whether wrong or 

 rinht is triumphant. It is the sense of power, 

 of irresistible force behind the Titanic figures, 

 \\incli. even more than the superb modeling, 

 makes the work great. Others of Barnard's 

 works are a great group, Brotherly Love, for a 

 tomb in Norway; The Boy; Maidenhood; 

 The Urn of Lij> . which includes nineteen fig- 

 ures in marble; the God Pan, in bronze, on the 

 green of Columbia Uni\< -I-MIV. and the sculp- 

 tures for the state capitol of Pennsylvania. 



Barnard was born at Boll* font <. Pa., 

 at the Art Institute in Chicago and the School 

 of Fine Arts in Paris, and before In- n turn to 

 I ' nited States in 1895 had won a very favor- 

 able reputation by sculptures exhibited in the 



