BED 



BEDFORD 



could be reached only by means of footstools. 

 The rich used a mattress stuffed with wool or 

 feathers; the poor had to be content with 

 straw or dried reeds. 



Medieval and Later European Beds. After 

 the fall of the Western Roman Empire a cer- 

 tain degree of simplicity prevailed in the house 

 furnishings of the Europeans, but the Cru- 

 saders brought back with them from Asia 

 Minor some of the luxurious tastes of the East, 

 and in the twelfth century beds ornamented 

 with carvings and paintings were introduced, 

 which had richly embroidered coverings, with 

 >pies overhead. The beds of the French 

 kings of thi> fifteenth century were famous for 

 their size and richness, and it became custom- 

 ary to hold royal receptions in bed. In the 

 nth century the French royal bed at- 

 tained a splendor never before equaled, and 

 the superb collection of Louis XIV, consist- 

 ing of 413 bedsteads of all forms, was the won- 

 der of all who saw it. 



In the sixteenth century the historic "four- 

 poster," commonl}' used in America in colonial 

 days, was invented. This is a bed with four 

 posts, one at each corner, which support an 

 overhead canopy. The "four-poster" has 

 recently come into favor again in America, 

 without the use of the canopy. Oak became 

 popular in England during the Elizabethan 

 period as a bedroom wood; walnut was in 

 vogue at about the same time in Italy and 

 France. B.M.W. 



BED, a term used in geology with reference 

 to any layer in a mass of stratified rock. It 

 may consist of a number of thin layers, or 

 laminae, or of a single stratum having con- 

 siderable thickness. Several strata taken 

 together are usually termed a formation. A 

 tlnn bed is called a seam. 



In nn rf,nnic8 t a bed is the foundation upon 

 whirh a body rests. An example of this is the 

 bed-sill upon which a stationary engine is fas- 

 tened; also the lower mill stone in a grist null. 



BEDBUG, a small, flat, wingless, reddish- 

 brown insect about three-sixteenths of an inch 

 Ion tr. that hides in the daytime and comes out 

 at night for food. The female lays her eggs in 

 :IHT in the crevices of bedsteads, furmtun- 

 and the walls of a room. The v -ects 



are small, almost white and semitranspa > 

 now to full size in about eleven weeks. 

 bedims is fond of human blood, but 

 thrives on other substances, and is often found 

 in swallow--. pinmm and doves. When ton 

 it emits an unpleasant odor. 



BEDBUG 



Enlarged about eight 

 times. 



The cockroach is the natural enemy of the 

 bedbug, and it destroys them in great numbers. 

 In Europe one spe- 

 cies of small black 

 ant will clear a house 

 of bedbugs in a short 

 time. Houses may 

 be cleared of them 

 by fumigating with 

 brimstone, or paint- 

 ing cracks and other 

 places where they 

 are secreted with cor- 

 rosive sublimate dis- 

 solved in wood alco- 

 hol. 



The occasional 

 presence of bedbugs in a house is not necessar- 

 ily an evidence of careless housekeeping. Th y 

 may enter a home in many ways on clothing, 

 by way of steam pipes from adjoining apart- 

 ments, in trunks or boxes from other dwellings, 

 etc. Unless one lives in a large tenement build- 

 ing, however, where many of the neighbors are 

 slovenly, there is no necessity of suffering long 

 from the pests. 



BEDE, bccd, or BAEDA, be' da, (about 

 672-735), known as The Venerable Bede, the 

 greatest scholar of Saxon England and the 

 "Father of English History-." He was educated 

 at Saint Peter's monastery, Wearmouth; took 

 deacon's orders in his nineteenth year at Saint 

 Paul's monastery, Jarrow, and was ordained 

 priest at the age of thirty. His Ecclesiastical 

 History of England is the source of nearly all 

 our information on English history up to the 

 year 731, and was translated into Anglo-Saxon 

 by Alfred the Great. The great body of his 

 writings, consisting of thirty-seven titles, in- 

 cludes lives of the saints, hymns, works on 

 grammar and history, and comments on the 

 Bible. He died while engaged in dictating a 

 translation of the Gospel of Saint John. 



BEDFORD, IND, locally known as Tin 

 STONE CITY, on account of its extensive stone 

 industry It is the county seat of Lawrence 

 County, eighty-nine miles southwest of Indian- 

 apolis, seventy-six miles northwest of Louis- 

 Mile and 225 miles southeast of Chicago, 

 city is served by the Baltimore & Ohio South- 

 western; the Chicago, Terre Haute & South- 

 eastern, and the Chicago, Indianapolis & 

 Louisville, known as the Monon Railroad. In 

 1825 the first settlement was made; the city 

 was incorporated in 1889 and was named for 

 tin- city of Bedford, Pa. In 1914 the popula- 



