BETHMANN-HOLLWEG 



702 



BHUTAN 



Bethlehem was founded by Moravians in 

 1741 and is the chief Moravian center in the 

 United Slates.' A college and theological sem- 

 inary and a seminary for women are main- 

 tained there by that denomination. South 

 Bethlehem (which see), connected with Beth- 

 lehem by two fine bridges across the Lehigh 

 River, is the seat of Lehigh University. Among 

 the institutions of Bethlehem are Saint Luke's 

 Hospital and a public library. The important 

 industrial plants include great steel and iron 

 works, zinc and graphite works, silk and knit- 

 ting mills and manufactories of hosiery, paint 

 and other commodities. 



West Bethlehem was annexed to Bethlehem 

 in 1904. At the former place was located a 

 general hospital of the Continental army, 1776- 

 1778, and 500 soldiers are buried there. Beth- 

 lehem became a borough in 1845. It is gaining 

 an enviable musical reputation as a result of 

 the Moravian musical festivities. 



The area of the borough is a little more than 

 one square mile. 



BETHMANN-HOLLWEG, bate'mahn hoi' 

 vayK, THEOBALD THEODORE VON (1856- ), a 

 German jurist and statesman, fifth Chancellor 

 of the German Empire and the leader of the 

 German government during part of the War 

 of the Nations, 

 which began in 

 1914. Bethmann- 

 Hollweg acquired 

 a peculiar inter- 

 est for Americans 

 in 1915, when it 

 became known 

 that he was op- 

 posed to the pol- 

 icy of torpedoing, 

 without warning, 

 passenger ships of 

 the nations with 

 which Germany was at war. It is said to have 

 been largely through his influence with Em- 

 peror William II that the submarine warfare 

 was modified and that diplomatic relations 

 were preserved for so long between Germany 

 and the United States. 



Bethmann-Hollweg is by nature quiet, re- 

 served and studious. It has been said that 

 "gravity is the essence of him." To this man, 

 apparently more at home in the study than in 

 the councils of state, it fell to pilot the Empire 

 through its greatest crisis. The son and grand- 

 son of famous men who had held high offices, 

 and born of a wealthy family, he rose rapidly 



THE WAR CHANCELLOR 



in the ranks of officialdom, becoming governor 

 of the province of Brandenburg in 1899, and 

 in 1905 Prussian Minister of the Interior. In 

 1907 he left the Prussian ministry and became 

 Secretary of State for the Interior in the Ger- 

 man Empire and Vice-Chancellor under Prince 

 von Bulow. In 1909 he succeeded to the chan- 

 cellorship, but resigned in 1917. In July, 1919, 

 he asked the allied nations to spare the former 

 kaiser from trial and, instead, put him on trial 

 for Germany's crimes. 



BEVERLY, bev' erli, MASS., a progressive 

 manufacturing center and a popular summer 

 resort, situated in the northeastern part of the 

 state on Salem Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic 

 Ocean. A bridge connects Beverly with the 

 city of Salem, two miles distant, on the oppo- 

 site shore of the bay. Boston is eighteen miles 

 southwest. Railway accommodations are pro- 

 vided by the Boston & Maine and by electric 

 lines. Beverly was founded in 1668 and was 

 incorporated as a city in 1895. In 1915 it had 

 a population of 22,959, an increase of 4,309 

 since 1910. The city's area is about fourteen 

 and one-half square miles. 



Beverly is the center of the shoe-machinery 

 industry, about 4,500 people being employed in 

 one factory. There are also manufactories of 

 shoes, boots, morocco, belting and oil clothing. 

 Beverly is a distributing point for the prod- 

 ucts of the Texas oil region, steamers operating 

 regularly between this point and Port Arthur, 

 Tex. The city has a number of vessels engaged 

 in cod-fishery, and many of the inhabitants 

 gain a livelihood in this industry. The most 

 notable buildings are the $110,000 public 

 library, with 12,000 volumes, and a Federal 

 building erected in 1910. In addition to its 

 public school system, the city has the New 

 England Industrial School for Deaf Mutes and 

 the Beverly Industrial School. Six playgrounds 

 and two parks provide recreation and amuse- 

 ment. 



Beverly Farms is a delightful summer resi- 

 dential district, located in the eastern part of 

 the city. It is the summer residence of many 

 Bostonians and was the "summer capital" dur- 

 ing Ex-President William H. Taft's administra- 

 tion. Beverly Farms has a branch public 

 library, erected at a cost of $25,000. 



BHUTAN, bhoo tahn' , is the name of an 

 independent state, covering an area of about 

 16.800 square miles in the southern part of 

 Asia. It lies between Tibet on the north and 

 Bengal on the south, in the eastern Himalayas, 

 where the mountains abound in sublime scenery 



