BILL 



716 



BILLBOARD 



(3) It prevents a decomposition of food while 

 It remains in the intestines. 



(4) It stimulates the muscles of the intestines, 

 and so aids in the movement of their contents 

 and prevents constipation. 



When the regular flow of bile is stopped the 

 coloring matter is absorbed into the blood and 

 causes jaundice, a condition in which the 

 whites of the eyes and the skin turn yellow. 



In Law. When anyone is accused formally 

 and in accordance with legal procedure, the 

 written statement is known as a true bill or 

 a bill of indictment (see JURY, subhead Grand 

 Jury). There are several other types of for- 

 mal statements in legal practice which are 

 called bills. 



In Law-Making. When we read of the 



Gall stones result from a chronic mild infec- T Jones Bil1 or the Smith Bil1 bein 8 Passed by 



the House, we know that a statute has been 

 proposed by a Representative or Member of 

 that name. Later, if it becomes law, it will 

 be termed an act. See LAW. 



BILLBOARD, a board erected for the dis- 

 play of posters or other advertising matter, 

 It is used to advertise nearly everything the 

 public buys, from shoe polish and hooks and 

 eyes to theaters, automobiles and hotels. Bill- 

 boards are found in every village, town and 

 city, and in the rural districts they are fre- 

 quently prominent along railroads and at 

 crossroads. In many cities nearly every vacant 

 lot has billboards. They are usually built of 

 wood, eight to twelve feet high, and of any 

 length from a few feet to an entire block. 



The billboard is almost always unsightly, but 

 sometimes the posters displayed have real 

 artistic merit. This is especially true in Eng- 

 land, France and Germany, where the art of 

 designing large posters has received much at- 

 tention. Many boards are now constructed so 

 that they may be illuminated at night, either 

 by colored electric lights which form a part of 

 the design or by reflection from powerful 

 lamps overhead. 



The erection of a billboard requires that the 

 property-owner give his consent, but this is 

 not always sufficient. In many large cities the 

 boards must conform to a standard size set 

 by law, and frequently the consent of a ma- 

 jority of the property-owners in the block is 

 ' necessary. Usually the regulation of billboards 

 is left to the local authorities, both in the 

 United States and Canada as well as in Europe, 

 but there are a few exceptions. Massachu- 

 setts, for example, allows no billboards along 

 public highways within the state. 

 . There is developing a consistent crusade 

 against the billboard, with the hope of abol- 

 ishing it. Some communities are almost a unit 

 in their agreement not to purchase anything 

 advertised in this manner in their vicinity. 

 The theory on which such a crusade is based 

 is that business interests will cease to disfig- 

 ure the landscape when it is no longer profit- 

 able to do so. _ See ADVERTISING. 



tion of the contents of the gall bladder; they 

 are sometimes caused by the bacillus of 

 typhoid fever. W.A.E. 



Related Subjects. The articles on the fol- 

 lowing topics contain information that will be 

 helpful in this connection : 

 Digestion Jaundice 



Gall Bladder Liver 



Intestines 



BILL. When the men of the Middle Ages 

 wrote an important document they closed it 

 with a leaden or other seal called a bulla. 

 Gradually the word came to be applied to the 

 paper itself (see BULL), and in England and 

 France the similar words bill and billet were 

 applied to less formal writing as well. As a 

 result Anglo-Saxons have at the .present time 

 several widely different sorts of written or 

 printed papers which are called bills. Besides 

 the bills of attainder, of exchange, of health, 

 of lading, of rights and of sale, each of which 

 is described in the succeeding pages of this 

 volume, the most important forms are the fol- 

 lowing. 



In Bookkeeping. When a promissory note is 

 received by the proprietors of a business, or a 

 draft or bill of exchange in their favor is ac- 

 cepted, the bookkeeper enters them on his 

 page for Bills Receivable. Notes given or 

 drafts accepted by the firm are Bills Payable. 

 See PROMISSORY NOTE; BILL OF EXCHANGE; 

 BOOKKEEPING. 



In Commerce. Besides the formal statement 

 of money due, a bill with which everyone is 

 familiar, there is the invoice or bill of goods, 

 which contains a list of goods sold, with the 

 price of each item, and is commonly sent out 

 at the time of a sale. The usual form of in- 

 voice is here shown: 



Kitchener, Ont., 



Sept. 22, 19 

 T. Campbell, Esq., 



Bay City, Mich. 



Bought of MATTHEWS Co. Ltd. 

 Terms 60 days. 



100 bbls. Baldwin apples @ $2.04 $204.00 

 50 bbls. Northern Spies @ $2.86 143.00 



Shipped Grand Trunk. 



$347.00 



