BLOOD MONEY 



777 



ably nearest the original, is a powerful dog 

 about two feet high at the shoulder, having a 

 short-haired black-and-tan coat, large, but not 

 broad head, with wrinkled skin, deep-set hazel 

 eyes, a deep, square muzzle and long silky 

 ears. These dogs were once trained to hunt 

 large game, such as the boar, bear and stag, 

 and also to hunt man, but now are chiefly 

 valuable for tracking fleeing or missing persons. 

 In the days of slavery in America they were 

 used to hunt fugitive slaves. Their name came 

 from their ability to track blood, but so acute 



flowers found in Canada and the United States. 

 Its root and sap are rich orange-red, hence the 



BLOODHOUND 



is their sense of smell that they are able to 

 pick out a trail that has been crossed and 

 recrossed by many others, and are baffled only 

 by running water. 



BLOOD MONEY. In the Middle Ages and 

 well into the more modern period, this name 

 was applied to the money paid for bloodshed. 

 It might be either the compensation paid by 

 a manslayer to the nearest relatives of the 

 victim (see BLOOD, AVENGER OF), to secure him- 

 self and his kin from vengeance, or the money 

 paid as a reward for bringing about the death 

 of another, directly or through evidence. It 

 was once common among the Scandinavian 

 and Teutonic peoples, who called this money 

 payment wergild, and the custom is still prac- 

 ticed in Arabia. The price varied with the 

 nature of the crime and the rank of the victim. 

 Certain crimes, such as the slaying of a sleeping 

 person, could not be compensated by a money 

 payment; such criminals were declared outlaws 

 and could be slain with impunity. The term 

 is now applied to the reward or bribe paid for 

 giving up a criminal to justice. 



BLOODROOT, sometimes called INDIAN 

 PAINT or RED PUCCOON, one of the earliest spring 



BLOODROOT 



name. The leaves are heart-shaped, deeply- 

 lobed, and, folded around the flower stalk, they 

 come from the ground singly. Each stalk bears 

 one dainty white or rose-tinted blossom. The 

 plant is rich in tannin and has been used as' 

 an astringent. The juice, at one time prized 

 by the Indians as war paint, is now used by 

 them for dyeing baskets, quills and moose hair. 

 It is a member of the poppy family. 



BLOODSTONE. See HELIOTROPE. 



BLOOMFIELD, N. J., a city in Essex County, 

 adjoining Newark on the northwest, twelve 

 miles from New York City and a residential 

 suburb of both cities. It is on the Morris 

 Canal and on the Erie and the Delaware, 

 Lackawanna & Western railroads. Electric in- 

 terurban lines extend to a number of neighbor- 

 ing cities. The population, which in 1910 was 

 15,070, was 17,306 by the state census of 1915. 

 The area is five and a half square miles. 



Bloomfield is the seat of the German Theo- 

 logical Seminary of Newark (Presbyterian). 

 Noteworthy features of the city include a 

 large park which was a military training ground 

 during the War of Independence, Jarvie Me- 

 morial Library, Knox Hall and Job Haines 

 Home for Aged People. The principal manu- 

 factured products are railroad brake shoes, 

 paper, pins, rubber goods, woolen cloth, silk, 

 electric elevators, lamps, brushes, plumbers' 

 supplies, cod-liver oil, strawboard and hats. 



Bloomfield was settled about 1675 and was a 

 part of Newark until 1812, when it was in- 

 corporated as a separate township. It received 

 its present name in 1796 in honor of General 

 Joseph Bloomfield, an officer in the War of 

 Independence and afterward governor of New 

 Jersey. 



