BOAR 



785 



BOARD OF TRADE 



nada. Its surrender was obtained in January, 

 1492, only a few months before Queen Isabella 

 assisted the enterprise of Christopher Colum- 

 bus. Riding away from his lost kingdom, 

 Boabdil turned for a farewell look, and that 

 spot is still shown to tourists as "the last sigh 

 of the Moor." Later Boabdil went to Africa, 

 where he is said to have been killed while 

 fighting for the ruler of Fez. In Irving's 

 Alhambra, a literary masterpiece, he is a prom- 

 inent character. 



BOAR, bohr, WILD, the wild hog of Europe, 

 North Africa and Asia Minor, far exceeding 

 in size the largest of domestic hogs. From 

 very early times hunting the wild boar has 

 been a favorite pastime of kings and nobles, 



WILD BOAR 



and in most countries the animals have been 

 carefully preserved for this purpose. In Eng- 

 land in the days of the Norman kings a person 

 killing a wild boar without royal permission 

 was liable to have his eyes put out. In most 

 parts of Europe this animal in its free state 

 is extinct, but is preserved on some large es- 

 tates. It is grayish-black in color, with short 

 hair and coarse bristles. It has formidable 

 tusks, and is a dangerous enemy when wounded. 

 The boar hunt, on foot, with spears and hounds 

 of a strong and fierce breed, was an exciting 

 and dangerous sport. In India at the present 

 time a boar of larger species, forty inches high 

 at the shoulder, is hunted on horseback, and 

 "pig sticking" is the most popular sport among 

 British military and civil residents. 



The wild boar feeds at night on roots and 

 grain, though it will sometimes eat small ani- 

 mals and birds' eggs. The meat of the wild 

 boar was once highly esteemed, and considered 

 far superior in flavor to the flesh of the domes- 

 tic hog. The boar's head was a great delicacy 

 and was brought to table at feasts with great 

 ceremony in ancient times; in parts of Europe 

 the ceremony of heading the procession to the 

 table with a boar's head held aloft is still 

 maintained. 

 50 



BOARD OF HEALTH, an organization 

 formed to protect the health of the community 

 over which it has jurisdiction. Boards of 

 health are established by city and state govern- 

 ments. A city board of health is provided for 

 in the charter under which the city government 

 is organized; a state or provincial board is 

 provided for by the legislature. In townships 

 and counties the boards of trustees and super- 

 visors usually act as the board of health for 

 the territory under their respective jurisdic- 

 tions. The powers and duties of every board 

 of health are prescribed by law. 



Duties. The duties of the board of health 

 in a large city are more numerous than those 

 of one in a small town or village, though they 

 are of similar nature. The most important of 

 these duties are to prevent the spread of con- 

 tagious diseases by enforcing quarantine regula- 

 tions and requiring vaccination of children 

 before they enter school; to prevent the sale 

 of unwholesome food; to see that garbage is 

 collected and removed regularly; to see that 

 dead animals are removed and properly dis- 

 posed of; to prescribe and oversee the duties 

 of coroners, and to perform such other duties 

 as the city council may direct. 



The duties of state boards of health are of a 

 more general nature than those of a city board. 

 In many cases their work is advisory, and they 

 render important service by investigating 

 causes of disease and publishing bulletins giving 

 information that will prevent the spread of any 

 particular malady. An illustration of this kind 

 of general service is the series of bulletins 

 issued by the board of health of Arkansas on 

 the hookworm disease. Recommendations to 

 the state legislature often secure the enactment 

 of laws in the interest of public health. In 

 some states pure food commissions perform 

 the duties of a state board of health. 



There is no national board of health in the 

 United States. The duties of such a board are 

 performed by inspectors of foods and drugs 

 under the direction of the Bureau of Animal 

 Industry in the Department of Agriculture and 

 by the 'Marine Hospital Service. See SANITARY 

 SCIENCE. 



BOARD OF TRADE. The farmer raises 

 wheat, oats, rye, corn, etc., expecting to sell 

 in the highest market and reap a profit to which 

 his hard labor entitles him. Does he fix the 

 price for his grain, and can he demand that he 

 shall receive that price? If he had the only 

 good crop in the land he probably could get 

 whatever price per bushel he demanded, but 



