BONAPARTE 



806 



BONAR 



By his early Baltimore marriage, Jerome had 

 one son, likewise called Jerome, who became 

 the father of Charles Joseph Bonaparte, who 

 was Secretary of War and later Attorney-Gen- 

 eral in President Roosevelt's Cabinet. Two 

 sons and a daughter were born of the second 

 marriage. The younger son, afterwards known 

 as Prince Napoleon, became one of the pre- 

 tenders to the French throne. 



Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844), the eldest 

 son of Carlo Bonaparte, was closely associated 

 with his brother, the Emperor Napoleon, 

 throughout the latter's period of triumph. He 

 was bora in Corsica and educated in France at 

 the College of 

 Autun. Return- 

 ing to Corsica in 

 1785, he studied 

 law and in 1792 

 became a mem- 

 ber of the admin- 

 istration of Cor- 

 sica during its 

 brief period of in- 

 dependence. In 

 1793 he emigrated 

 to Marseilles and 

 married the 

 daughter of a 

 wealthy banker; 

 later, with the rise of his brother to fame after 

 his brilliant campaign in Italy, Joseph began an 

 important public career. Napoleon selected 

 him to conclude a friendly treaty with the 

 United States in 1800, and he later signed the 

 historically famous Treaty of Luneville and 

 that of Amiens. 



In 1806 Napoleon made him king of Naples, 

 and two years after transferred him to Madrid 

 as king of Spain. His position there, entirely 

 dependent on the support of French armies, 

 became almost intolerable ; he was twice driven 

 from his capital by the approach of hostile 

 armies, and the third time, in 1813, he fled, 

 not to return. After the Battle of Waterloo he 

 went to the United States and lived for a time 

 near Philadelphia, assuming the title of Count 

 of Survilliers. He afterwards went to England, 

 and from there to Italy, where he died. 



Louis Bonaparte (1778-1846), the second 

 brother of the Emperor Napoleon and the 

 father of Napoleon III. On completing a 

 course at the artillery school of Chalons, 

 France, he served under Napoleon in the 

 Italian and "Egyptian campaigns. In 1802 he 

 married Hortense Beauharnais, Napoleon's 



JOSEPH BONAPARTE 

 Once an exile In America. 



LOUIS BONAPARTE 



stepdaughter, and four years later yielded very 

 reluctantly to his brother's demand that he 

 accept the Dutch crown. It is to the credit 

 of Louis that he 

 tried to rule in 

 the interests of 

 his subjects, and 

 he gave up the 

 throne in 1810 

 because he 

 thoroughly disap- 

 proved of Napo- 

 leon's "Continen- 

 tal System," 

 which was most 

 injurious to 

 Dutch commerce. 

 After his abdica- 

 tion, Holland 

 was annexed to France. From that time on 

 Louis lived chiefly in Rome and in Florence. 

 He was a writer of considerable ability and 

 published a novel and several historical works. 

 See CONTINENTAL SYSTEM. 



Lucien Bonaparte (1775-1840), Prince of 

 Canino, next younger brother of Napoleon, was 

 an enthusiastic supporter of the people's cause 

 throughout the French Revolution. Having 

 been a disciple of Robespierre, he was im- 

 prisoned for a time after the fall of that leader, 

 but was released through Napoleon's influence, 

 and in 1798 was settled in Paris as a member 

 of the newly-elected Council of Five Hundred. 

 Shortly after Napoleon's return from Egypt, 

 Lucien was elected president of the Council 

 and in this position saved his brother by his 

 high-handed dismissal of that body when an 

 attempt was made to pass a vote of outlawry 

 against him. As Napoleon began to develop his 

 system of military despotism, Lucien, who 

 still held t9 his republican principles and can- 

 didly expressed his disapproval of his brother's 

 conduct, fell into disfavor and was sent out of 

 France as ambassador to Spain. Settling finally 

 in Rome, he devoted himself to the arts and 

 sciences and lived in apparent indifference to 

 the growth of Napoleon's power. He came to 

 France, however, and exerted himself on his 

 brother's behalf, both before and after the 

 Battle of Waterloo. A man of literary tastes, 

 his published works include two long poems 

 and an autobiography. B.M.W. 



Napoleon Bonaparte. See NAPOLEON I. 



BO'NAR, JAMES (1852- ), a Canadian 

 economist, deputy master of the Canadian 

 branch of the royal mint. He was born at 



