BOULDER 



867 



BOURBON 



built in 1899 ; and the Interurban Electric, con- 

 structed in 1908. Boulder was founded in 

 1859, was incorporated as a city in 1871 and 

 named for the immense boulders which occur 

 in the vicinity. The area is about two and 

 one-half square miles. 



Boulder lies on the eastern slope of the foot- 

 hills of the Rocky Mountains, in the midst of 

 some of the most wonderful scenery of the range, 

 at an elevation of 5,835 feet above sea level. It 

 is the south gateway to Rocky Mountain Na- 

 tional Park and Estes Park. Long's Peak, one 

 of the highest in the state, with an altitude 

 of 14,271 feet, and Royal Arch are interesting 

 features of the vicinity. Pure mountain water 

 comes from a chain of eight lakes, fed by the 

 Arapahoe Glacier. The surrounding country 

 is rich in agricultural products; fruits, grain 

 and garden truck are raised in great variety, 

 and there are abundant crops of alfalfa. Min- 

 ing and smelting are prominent industries of 

 the locality, which produces gold, silver, lead, 

 copper and zinc ores, and an abundance of 

 tungsten. 



Boulder is the seat of the University of 

 Colorado (see COLORADO, UNIVERSITY OF). In 

 addition to its public school system, it has a 

 business college, Saint Gertrude's Academy and 

 a Carnegie Library. F.E.E. 



BOULDER, a rounded stone which has been 

 worn to its shape by water and is too large to 

 be called a pebble. The name is also given 

 to large surface rocks that have been partially 

 smoothed by the action of ice in the Glacial 

 Period. Boulders are found on the surface, 

 also imbedded in clay and gravel and in the 

 beds of streams. They are usually of different 

 composition from the rocks in the vicinity, 

 which is evidence that they must have been 

 transported a long distance by ice. When 

 lying on the surface they are known as erratic 

 blocks. See GLACIER; GLACIAL PERIOD. 



BOUNTY, a reward or premium paid from 

 public funds to encourage a certain kind of 

 labor or production calculated to be of benefit 

 to the whole community. The term is also 

 applied to money paid for the extermination 

 of certain destructive wild animals. In the 

 United States this form of bounty is now prac- 

 tically obsolete. In Canada such a bounty is 

 not uncommon; as an instance, the sum of $15 

 is paid by the government for every female 

 wolf destroyed. In Australia, rabbits have 

 become so destructive that a small sum is paid 

 for every one killed. In South Africa, India, 

 and many Eastern countries subject to visits 



of bubonic plague a bounty is also offered 

 for the destruction of rats, for by these filthy 

 animals the dreadful disease is spread. Locusts 

 at times inflict such terrible damage on crops 

 in Africa that the provincial governments have 

 put aside large sums to be utilized in taking 

 measures for their destruction. 



Industrial Bounties in Canada. To encour- 

 age certain industries in Canada, the Dominion 

 government annually appropriates a sum of 

 money to be distributed as a bounty to all 

 owners of fishing vessels and all men engaged 

 in the fisheries. A bounty is also paid on all 

 crude petroleum produced in Canada, on iron, 

 steel and lead smelted in the Dominion and, 

 in order to encourage the manufacture of 

 binder twine, a rebate of duty is allowed on 

 all Manila hemp imported. 



BOURASSA, booms' sa, HENRI (1868- ), 

 a Canadian journalist, orator and political 

 leader, the chief of the French-Canadian 

 Nationalists. Bourassa was born in Montreal, 

 and his fellow French-Canadians have repeat- 

 edly elected him to public office. He was 

 mayor of Montebello, Que., from 1890 to 1894, 

 and of Papineauville in 1897. He sat in the 

 Dominion House of Commons from 1896 to 

 1908, and in the Quebec assembly from 1908 

 to 1912. But these offices do not indicate the 

 importance of his career, though they did 

 give him an opportunity to voice his opinions. 

 His influence is now felt chiefly through his 

 public speeches and through Le Devoir, the 

 newspaper which he founded in 1910. He be- 

 lieves that French-Canadians ought not to 

 endanger their interests by interfering in any 

 complications caused by British rule. In other 

 words, the interests of the British Empire, he 

 says, are not the interests of the French- 

 Canadians. For this reason he opposed Cana- 

 dian participation in the South African War 

 in 1899 and in the War of the Nations, which 

 began in 1914. The French-Canadian Nation- 

 alists, believing that they exist in fact, and 

 should be recognized in government, as a sep- 

 arate nation, have carried to its logical ex- 

 treme the doctrine that small nations have a 

 right to live and govern themselves as they 

 wish. With this wish the majority of Cana- 

 dians may sympathize, but they do not regard 

 the French-Canadians as a separate nation. 



BOURBON, boor' bon, an ancient family 

 which gave many kings to France, Spain 

 and Naples. Originally the Bourbons were 

 lords of the old province of Bourbonnais, in 

 France, but by marriage they became con- 



