BRIMSTONE 



929 



BRISTOL 



scarlet fever, diphtheria and other infectious 

 diseases, but may result from exposure to wet 

 and cold, from diseases that have interfered 

 with the skin's function of excreting waste 

 matter, or from the use of arsenic, carbolic acid, 

 iodoform, lead, phosphorus, mercury and other 

 poisonous substances. 



The symptoms vary somewhat. The patient 

 may suffer from slight headache, pain in the 

 back and legs, loss of appetite and nausea, or 

 there may be more serious symptoms fever, 

 prostration, stupor, shortness of breath and 

 convulsions. Dropsy is a common accompani- 

 ment, and the urine usually contains albumin, 

 casts and blood corpuscles. The patient should 

 be kept in bed and be given saline purgatives 

 daily. Sweating should be induced by hot 

 packs or similar devices, and there should be 

 a reduction of starches and sugars in the diet. 



Chronic Bright 's disease occurs in several 

 forms, among which are inflammation of the 

 substance proper of the kidney and inflamma- 

 tion of the kidney connective tissue. Anaemia, 

 dropsy and the presence of albuminous de- 

 posits in the urine are marked symptoms of the 

 first type. The urine is voided in reduced 

 quantities and is dark and contains a heavy 

 sediment. Uraemic poisoning sometimes oc- 

 curs, often resulting in death. Victims of this 

 form of chronic Bright's disease often live 

 for years. A warm, genial climate and out-of- 

 door life are recommended as safeguards for 

 such patients. In the other form of chronic 

 Bright's disease there is an increased amount 

 of urine excreted, but albumin is not found 

 in it in such large amounts. Dropsy of the 

 lungs is liable to occur and attacks of uraemic 

 poisoning are not infrequent. All cases should 

 be in the care of a skilled physician. W.A.E. 



BRIM 'STONE, the name for a commercial 

 form of sulphur. In order to purify it, which 

 means to free it from foreign matter, sulphur 

 is generally melted in a closed vessel and 

 allowed to settle. Then it is poured into 

 cylindrical molds, in which it becomes hard 

 and brittle, and is known in commerce as roll 

 sulphur, or brimstone. When ground into a 

 fine powder it becomes the well-known sulphur 

 of commerce. See SULPHUR. 



BRISBANE, briz'bane, the capital of 

 Queensland, Australia, a city which grew from 

 a convict settlement established in 1825, but 

 abandoned in 1839. It is well situated on the 

 Brisbane River and is remarkably well built. 

 Its commercial rmportance has increased rap- 

 idly, owing to the quick settlement of the 

 59 



surrounding country. The chief industries are 

 boot and shoe making and soap boiling; it 

 has numerous breweries and distilleries and is 

 an important center of the wool trade. It 

 was named after Sir Thomas Brisbane, a former 

 governor of New South Wales, who was instru- 

 mental in removing the convict settlements and 

 materially assisted in the development of the 

 country. Population in 1911, 141,342. 



BRISBANE, ARTHUR (1864- ), an Amer- 

 ican newspaper man who as editor of one of 

 the daily papers in New York has found a 

 wide audience and acquired an influence on the 

 popular mind possessed by few editorial writers 

 of his day. Other papers, too, whether they 

 approve or condemn his policy, have been 

 influenced by his methods to the extent of 

 patterning their editorials after his making 

 them simple in language, replete with illustra- 

 tions and printed in short paragraphs. 



Brisbane was born in Buffalo, N. Y., studied 

 for a time in Europe, and in 1882 became a 

 reporter for the New York Sun. After serving 

 this paper for a time in London, he became 

 editor successively of the Evening Sun, the 

 World and the Evening Journal, beginning his 

 connections with the last named in 1897. It 

 is this paper for which he has done his most 

 effective work. Many of his editorials were 

 published in 1906 as Editorials from the Hearst 

 Newspapers. He has also written a biography, 

 Mary Baker Glover Eddy. 



BRISTLES, bris"ls, the stiff, coarse hairs of 

 the hog or the wild boar, especially those which 

 grow on the back. Various kinds of brushes are 

 made of them, and the waxed threads used by 

 shoemakers and saddlers are often tipped with 

 them. Though the United States is one of 

 the greatest hog-growing countries of the world 

 it imports most of its bristles, for the well-fed, 

 fat hogs which are slaughtered in the packing 

 houses produce but soft, inferior bristles. It 

 is the lean, underfed hogs of the cold regions 

 of Russia which furnish the very best, and 

 the method of procuring them is curious. The 

 hogs are not killed, but are led through the 

 forests that they may rub themselves against 

 the trees and so scatter their bristles. These 

 are collected from the ground, tied into bun- 

 dles, and sold at from $2.00 to $3.00 a pound. 

 China also furnishes many bristles, though not 

 quite as high in quality. 



BRIS'TOL, one of the oldest cities of Eng- 

 land, known to have existed before the Roman 

 invasion in 55 B. c, and a town of consider- 

 able importance when William the Conqueror 



