BRUNSWICK 



961 



BRUNSWICK 



utilities are municipally owned. Population in 

 1910, 143,552. 



BRUNSWICK, a former duchy of the Ger- 

 man Empire, which gave to Great Britain its 

 present reigning line (see BRUNSWICK, FAMILY 

 OF). The duchy had its hereditary ruler, its 

 constitution, its diet, or legislative body, of 



THE FORMER DUCHY OP BRUNSWICK 

 In black. 



forty-eight members, and the right to send three 

 delegates to the imperial Parliament at Ber- 

 lin. All these have disappeared in the new 

 republic. 



Brunswick, with an area of 1,418 square miles, 

 a little greater than that of Rhode Island, is 

 surrounded by the Prussian provinces of Han- 

 over, Saxony and Westphalia. The northern 

 part, though hilly or rolling, nowhere reaches 

 any considerable altitude, but the southern 

 part contains a portion of the Harz Mountains 

 system and rises in places to heights of more 

 than 3,000 feet. Deposits of iron ore, lead, 

 copper, asphalt and lignite are found, but the 

 mining industry is far surpassed in importance 

 by agriculture. About one-half of the land 

 is capable of tillage, and the leading crops are 

 grain, potatoes, sugar beets and fruit. The 

 manufacturing industries include brewing, dis- 

 tilling and the making of linens and woolens, 

 hats, chemicals and beet sugar. The popula- 

 tion in 1910 was 494,339. 



BRUNSWICK, FAMILY OF, a distinguished 

 family of which a younger branch furnished to 

 Great Britain its present line of rulers. The 

 House of Brunswick was founded in the twelfth 

 century by the famous Henry the Lion, a 

 rebellious vassal of Frederick Barbarossa 

 (which see). Much of his territory was lost to 

 him in conflict with his emperor, but he con- 

 tinued to hold Brunswick and Liineburg, and it 

 was his grandson, Otto the Child, who in 1235 

 61 



was given the title of first Duke of Brunswick. 



By the two sons of Ernst the Confessor, who 

 became duke in 1532, the family was divided 

 into the two branches of Brunswick-Wolfen- 

 biittel and Brunswick-Liineburg (House of 

 Hanover), and it was a representative of this 

 latter branch who became king of Great Brit- 

 ain as George I in 1714, his claim being based 

 on the fact that he was the son of a grand- 

 daughter of James I of England. The Bruns- 

 wick-Wolfenbiittel was the family in possession 

 of the duchy of Brunswick until the death of 

 the last duke in 1884, and after that years of 

 conflict and of regency followed. In 1913 the 

 difficulties were settled and Ernst August, son 

 of the Duke of Cumberland and son-in-law of 

 the emperor of Germany, was made Duke of 

 Brunswick. He is a member of the Brunswick- 

 Luneburg line. 



BRUNSWICK, GA., the county seat of Glynn 

 County, in the southeastern part of the state, 

 located eight miles from the Atlantic Ocean, 

 on a broad curve of Saint Simons Sound. 

 Savannah is nearly sixty miles north, and 

 Jacksonville, Fla., is nearly as far south. The 

 state capital, Atlanta, is 275 miles west. The 

 nearest fresh- water rivers are the Altamaha, 

 twelve miles north, and the Greater Satilla, 

 twelve miles south. The numerous streams 

 along the coast are tidal estuaries of the sea, 

 rising and falling with the tide among the 

 marshes, about which Sidney Lanier has writ- 

 ten. The city gets drinking water from ar- 

 tesian wells. The area is more than five square 

 miles. The population was 10,182 in 1910; in 

 1914, 10,645. 



Steamship lines operate between Brunswick 

 and Europe, the West Indies and South Amer- 

 ica, and all the important Atlantic seaboard 

 towns. The four railroads of the city, the 

 Atlantic, Birmingham & Atlantic; the South- 

 ern; the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Georgia 

 Coast & Piedmont, own extensive terminals on 

 the harbor. They also own large warehouses 

 and refrigerating plants. On the docks are 

 handled exports of locally-manufactured prod- 

 ucts, such as ties, lumber, naval stores, turpen- 

 tine, rosin, cotton, phosphates, canned oysters 

 and vegetables, and a vast amount of imports 

 for distribution in the South. 



Large hotels, accommodating many winter 

 tourists, clubs, banks and churches, a Federal 

 building costing $150,000, a city hall costing 

 $75,000 and a $150,000 county courthouse are 

 among the noteworthy public buildings. Near 

 the city are the two pleasure resorts, Saint 



