BUFFALO 



983 



BUFFALO 



Lafayette squares extend Broadway, Genesee 

 and Sycamore streets, each several miles long. 

 The shallow mouth of Buffalo Creek was 

 the original harbor. It has been deepened, 

 and a ship canal for wharfing has been built 

 from this harbor southward, parallel with the 

 lake shore. Inner and outer harbors in the 



Government 

 B re aK water 



at Buffalo 



lake have been created by a series of break- 

 waters. One nearly five miles long, constructed 

 by the United States government, is among 

 the largest breakwaters in the world. The 

 government has also built a large lock in the 

 Black Rock harbor, between Squaw Island and 

 the mainland, to accommodate boats to and 

 from Tonawanda. Buffalo has a total wharf 

 frontage of ten miles. The great international 

 bridge, completed in 1873 at a cost of $1,500,- 

 000, spans the river from Squaw Island to 

 Bridgeburgh, Canada. 



Parks and Boulevards. The total park area 

 of the city is nearly 1,200 acres, and the larger 

 parks are connected by boulevards and park- 

 ways which almost encircle the city. Dela- 

 ware Park, the site of the Pan-American 

 Exposition in 1901, is on the north side; it 

 covers 365 acres, including a lake of forty-six 

 acres. Contiguous to this park on the south 

 is beautiful Forest Lawn Cemetery, with 239 

 acres, in which are monuments to President 

 Fillmore and the Indian chief, Red Jacket; 

 west are the grounds of the state insane hos- 

 pital, 230 acres in extent. North of "The 

 Front," a park of forty-five acres along the 

 cliffs overlooking the lake at the head of 



Niagara River, is a small United States mili- 

 tary post, Fort Porter, whose parade grounds, 

 a favorite promenade, command a fine view 

 of the lake. Humboldt Park, fifty-six acres, 

 is on the east side of the city. The larger 

 parks of the south side are South Park, 155 

 acres, which has a notable conservatory con- 

 taining a great variety of plants, and Caze- 

 novia Park, with 106 acres. There are a 

 number of small parks and squares, among 

 them Lafayette Square with a soldiers' and 

 sailors' monument; Niagara Square, contain- 

 ing a monument to William McKinley, in the 

 business section; and Franklin, Washington 

 and Delaware squares. Niagara Falls, Crystal 

 Beach and Fort Erie Beach (on the Canadian 

 shore) are the popular resorts of the com- 

 munity. 



Public Buildings. Among the principal 

 buildings are the Federal building, completed 

 in 1902 at a cost of $2,000,000; the county and 

 city hall, constructed of granite at a cost of 

 $1,400,000; the Sixty-fifth and Seventy-fourth 

 regiment armories, each costing $2,000,000; the 

 state arsenal, the Historical Building and Al- 

 bright Art Gallery in Delaware Park, pre- 

 served from the Pan-American Exposition; 

 the Music Hall, Chamber of Commerce, Mer- 

 chants' Exchange, Masonic Temple, Y. M. C. 

 A. building, four high school buildings, each 

 costing $1,000,000; Buffalo Library, Grosvenor 

 Library and the Protestant Episcopal and Ro- 

 man Catholic cathedrals. Among the promi- 

 nent club buildings are those of the Buffalo, 

 University Park, Saturn and jCountry clubs. 

 Ellicott Square, one of the largest office build- 

 ings in the world, covers an entire block. 



Institutions . Institutions of higher education 

 are the University of Buffalo, with schools of 

 law, medicine and dentistry; a state normal 

 school, Niagara University, the German Martin 

 Luther Seminary (Evangelical Lutheran), Saint 

 Joseph's and Canisius colleges and Sacred 

 Heart and Holy Angels' academies (Roman 

 Catholic), and the Buffalo College of Phar- 

 macy. The Fine Arts Academy and the So- 

 ciety of Natural Sciences occupy a part of 

 the Buffalo Library building. There are nu- 

 merous private schools and night schools. In 

 addition to the two municipal libraries are 

 those of the Historical Society, Society of 

 Natural Sciences, Law (Eighth Judicial Dis- 

 trict), Merchants' Exchange, Erie Railroad, 

 German Young Men's Association, Lutheran 

 Young Men's Association and Young Men's 

 Christian Association. 



