BUG 



985 



BUG, a name generally applied to all small insects 

 which are hard to catch, as well as to tiny crawling 

 ones. The true bugs, or Hemiptera, as the scientist 

 calls them as a group, have beaks bent toward the 

 breast, adapted for sucking or piercing, but not for 

 biting. The so-called Junebugs, ladybugs, tumble- 

 bugs and potato bugs, however, are really beetles. 

 Among the most common and troublesome bugs are 

 the bedbug, chinch bug and louse. Most bugs are 

 injurious to plant life, but their lives and habits are 

 interesting to study. See INSECT; INSECTICIDES; 

 BEETLE. 



BUGLE, bu'g'l, a treble wind instrument, of brass 

 or copper, but originally made of horn. It resembles 

 the trumpet but has a shorter tube and a smaller 

 bell-shaped opening. The tone of the trumpet is bril- 

 liantly blaring, while that of the bugle is softer and 

 has a penetrating quality. The bugle is used chiefly 

 for sounding the calls to the infantry; the trumpet, 

 for the cavalry. In peace the soldier is reminded of 

 every routine duty by a special call from a bugler, 

 while in war his marches and movements are directed 

 and guided by bugle calls. 



Bugle Calls. The routine of life in the army bar- 

 racks is marked by bugle or trumpet calls, from the 

 reveille, which calls the soldiers from their slumbers, 

 to taps, when the day is done. There are warning 

 calls, formation calls, alarm calls and service calls. 

 The accompanying calls are from the Infantry Drill 

 Regulations of the United States army. 



BUILDING, bild'ing. Since the days when men 

 dwelt in caves, and like Polyphemus in the Odyssey 

 shared them with their flocks, mankind's knowledge 

 of the science of building has kept pace with advance 

 in other fields. Though the rude peasants of some 

 parts of Europe still live in sod hovels, Eskimos in 

 huts of ice, Malays in tree-top shelters and present- 

 day Indians of the American Southwest in houses 

 of adobe, their more civilized brothers have learned 

 how to erect beautiful homes and magnificent work- 

 places of stone, brick, concrete, steel or timber. The 

 stages through which structural skill has passed and 

 the principal types of buildings are described in the 

 article ARCHITECTURE ; this is the story of how modern 

 buildings are constructed. 



Building Trades. To erect a skyscraper the work 

 of hundreds of men is required. Each has a par- 

 ticular kind of work digging, shoveling sand, carry- 

 ing hods of plaster, putting in place the hot steel 

 rivets,, laying the stone, bricks or blocks of terra 

 cotta, plumbing, wiring for electricity, finishing walls 

 or floors, or one of a hundred other tasks. On 

 smaller buildings the work is divided into trades in 

 the same way, and even to build a small wooden 

 frame house, excavators, masons or cement workers, 

 carpenters and bricklayers are required. 



Slow 



BUILDING 



TAPS 



Moderate RETREAT 



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