BULGARIA 



992 



BULL 



Outline and Questions on 

 Bulgaria 



I. Position and Size 



(1) Latitude. 40 45' to 44 north 



(2) Longitude, 22 20* to 28 east 



(3) Area 



(a) Comparative 



(b) Actual 



(4) Population 



II. Physical Feature* 



(1) Balkan Mountains 



(2) Lowland region 



(3) Rivers 



(a) Danube 



III. Climate and Vegetation 



(1) Distinct zones 



(2) Effect of mountains 



(3) Forests 



( 4 ) Roses 



IV. Industries and Commerce 



(1) Agriculture 



(a) Grains 



(b) Potatoes 



(c) Rice, cotton and tobacco 



(2) Mining 



(3) Manufacturing 

 (a) Attar of roses 



(4) Railway routes 



(5) Exports and imports 



V. The People 



(1) Proportion of Bulgarians 



(2) Other races 



(3) Characteristics of Bulgarians 



(4) Education, religion and govern- 



ment 



VI. History 



(1) Its antiquity 



(2) Coming of the Bulgars 



(3) Acceptance of Christianity 



(4) Under Turkish rule 



(5) Independence achieved 



(6) Balkan Wars 



(7) War of the Nations 



Questions 



Why has not Bulgaria as warm a 

 climate as Italy? 



What is meant by "Bulgarian atroci- 

 ties"? 



If the populations of Alberta and 

 Bulgaria were exchanged, would the 

 latter country be more or less densely 

 populated than at present? 



What industry helps to make the 

 country regions delightful? 



Is the executive or the legislature 

 the. more powerful? 



What river and what mountains 

 dominate the northern and the central 

 physical divisions? 



What fortunate fact of location has 

 made Bulgaria important? 



What great empire got its religion 

 from Bulgaria? 



What sort of agricultural implements 

 have been used until very recently? 



For what peculiar reason did the 

 Turkish government permit the de- 

 struction of Bulgaria's magnificent for- 

 ests? 



What attitude have the people taken 

 toward education? 



Was the territory of Bulgaria greater 

 at the end of the first Balkan War or 

 the sec/>nd? 



the course of that gigantic struggle, see WAR 

 OF THE NATIONS. s P. 



Other Items of Interest. The name Bulgaria, 

 according to popular etymology, is derived 

 from that of the Volga, the river on which the 

 original Buigar kingdom was located. 



Bulgaria once had magnificent forests, but 

 the Turkish government permitted their de- 

 struction and even encouraged it, that robbers 

 and highwaymen might not find shelter in 

 them. 



In the mountains, the little brown Bulgarian 

 bear is still found in great numbers, and some 

 of the outlying villages suffer in the winter 

 from the ravages of wolves. 



Autumn is called "the clear time," and is 

 the most delightful of the seasons. Frequently 

 it lasts well into the month of December. 



The clergymen of the national Bulgarian 

 Church are paid by the government. 



Morals are high among all classes, and re- 

 ligion is a very real part of the life of the 

 people, but they are by no means fanatical. 



A compulsory military system prevails, and 

 of the able-bodied men only Mohammedans 

 are exempt from service. 



Every summer thousands of wandering shep- 

 herds come from Macedonia and Greece to 

 pasture their flocks on the mountains of Bul- 

 garia. 



In general, the Bulgarians are slightly below 

 average height, and are rather stocky. The 

 women early lose what good looks they pos- 

 sess, and by middle life look far older than 

 they are. This is due to their life of toil. 



Almost the only large estates in the country 

 are those held by the monasteries. 



Birds of prey are everywhere abundant, and 

 in consequence singing birds are not numerous. 



In its mountain regions the country has 

 scores of mineral springs, many of which have 

 been in high repute since Roman times for 

 their medicinal qualities. 



The money unit is the lev, which has a value 

 of about nineteen and one-fourth cents. 



Related Subjects. The articles under the fol- 

 lowing titles will give added information on the 

 subject of Bulgaria: 

 Balkan Peninsula Slavs 



Balkan Wars Sofia 



Danube River War of the Nations 



BULL, a letter or order from the Pope, 

 acting as the head of the Church, and pub- 

 lished or sent to the Roman Catholic churches. 

 It is written in Latin, usually with elaborate 

 lettering, dated from "the day of Incarnation,", 

 and named after the first word or phrase. The ; 



