BUTLER 



1017 



BUTTE 



Dr. Butler succeeded Seth Low as president 

 of Columbia University in 1902. He has also 

 taken an active interest in politics, and in 

 1912 was chosen to succeed James S. Sherman 

 as nominee on the Republican ticket for Vice- 

 President of the United States, Mr. Sherman 

 having died just after the Presidential election, 

 but before the meeting of the Electoral Col- 

 lege. He is the editor of the Educational Re- 

 view, The Teachers' Professional Library, the 

 Great Educators series and the Columbia Uni- 

 versity Contributions to Philosophy and Edu- 

 cation, and has written numerous papers and 

 addresses on educational subjects. 



BUTLER, SAMUEL (1612-1680), an English 

 writer of the reign of Charles II, now remem- 

 bered chiefly as the author of Hudibras, a poem 

 published in three parts, between 1663 and 

 1678, that holds the Puritans up to mockery 

 and ridicule. It became immensely popular 

 among the frequenters of the London coffee- 

 houses and taverns and at the English court, 

 because of its wit, drollery and sarcastic thrusts 

 at the staid and sober Puritans. Hudibras, 

 from Hugh de Bras, one of the Knights of 

 King Arthur, is the name of the hero of the 

 poem; Butler found the inspiration for the 

 character in a country gentleman whom he 

 had served as attendant. Some of the most 

 familiar proverbs of our common speech have 

 their origin in Butler's work, such as "I smell 

 a rat," "Spare the rod and spoil the child," 

 "Look before you leap." The lines which fol- 

 low illustrate very well the style and form of 

 wit : 



He'd undertake to prove, by force 



Of argument, a man's no horse. 



He'd prove a buzzard is no fowl, 



And that a Lord may be an owl, 



A calf, an Alderman, a goose a justice 



And rooks Committee-men or Trustees. 



BUTLER, PA., the county seat of Butler 

 County, is in the west-central part of the 

 state, about thirty miles north of Pittsburgh. 

 It is on Conequenessing Creek and on the 

 Bessemer & Lake Erie, the Buffalo, Rochester 

 & Pittsburgh and the Pennsylvania railroads 

 and has interurban lines to Pittsburgh. The 

 population, which in 1910 was 20,728, was 

 25,543 in 1914. The area is two and a half 

 square miles. 



The city has several parks, a courthouse, a 

 public library and a county hospital. Large 

 deposits of oil, natural gas, coal and iron are 

 found in the vicinity. Important industries 

 include steel-car works, woolen and silk mills, 

 flour mills and manufactories of bottles and 



plate glass, oil-well machinery, carriages, white 

 lead, pearl buttons and brass and iron beds. 

 Butler was settled about 1798, was made the 

 county seat in 1802, and was incorporated as a 

 borough in 1803. It was named in honor of 

 General Richard Butler, an officer in the War 

 of Independence. 



BUTTE, bute, a hill standing alone, or a 

 mountain rising abruptly above the surround- 

 ing lower country. The term originated from 

 the French word meaning mound, hillock or 

 elevation. Buttes abound in the Rocky Moun- 

 tain region. Many of them have been formed 

 by the erosion of ancient plateaus, and are 

 prominent features in the landscape. The term 

 is also applied to high mountains in Canada 

 and England, though it is not so widely used 

 in this respect in the United States. The city 

 of Butte, Montana, is so named because of its 

 nearness to elevations of this nature. See 

 PLATEAU. 



BUTTE, bute, MONTANA, the largest city in 

 the state and the center of the greatest copper- 

 mining district in the world. One-seventh of 

 the world's production and one-fourth of Amer- 

 ica's output of copper is shipped from Butte. 

 Enormous amounts of zinc, gold and silver, to- 

 gether with copper, comprise an annual produc- 

 tion worth nearly $80,000,000. There are 150 

 mines in operation in and about Butte, and 

 $1,500,000 is the monthly pay-roll to the 12,000 

 workers in mines and mills. At Anaconda, 

 twenty-six miles distant, is located the Washoe 

 smelter, the world's greatest reduction works. 



Butte is the county seat of Silver Bow 

 County. It is in the southwestern part of the 

 state, situated on a broad plateau 5,485 feet 

 above sea level, between the Bitter Root 

 Mountains on the west and the Rocky Moun- 

 tains on the east. In this thinly-settled state, 

 which is the third largest in the Union, Butte's 

 nearest city neighbors are far distant. Helena, 

 the state capital, is seventy-three miles north- 

 east, and 383 miles west is Spokane. Salt Lake 

 City is 397 miles southeast, Seattle 672 miles 

 northwest, and Chicago about 1,526 miles 

 southeast. These distances are minimized by 

 service over four great transcontinental rail- 

 road lines, the Northern Pacific, the Great 

 Northern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget 

 Sound, and the Oregon Short Line, a part of 

 the Union Pacific system. Connecting with 

 Kansas City and Denver is the Chicago, Bur- 

 lington & Quincy Railroad. Butte is the ter- 

 minus of the Butte, Anaconda & Pacific, the 

 first electrified railroad in America. Electric 



