CALGARY 



1054 



CALHOUN 



west of Regina and 478 miles southwest of 

 Saskatoon. The three great Canadian trans- 

 continental railways, the Canadian Pacific, the 

 Canadian Northern and the Grand Trunk Pa- 

 cific, give Calgary connection with these and 

 many other cities. 



Calgary, by its location, is the natural supply 

 station for the rich surrounding stock-raising 

 and farming sections and also for the mining 

 districts of the Rocky Mountains. The country 

 tributary to this city is estimated at 150,000 

 square miles, an area equal to nearly three 

 times the state of Michigan. The marvelous 

 growth of the Canadian West, added to Cal- 

 gary's natural advantages, has also brought 

 many manufacturing establishments to the city. 

 Within a short distance is a supply of coal 

 sufficient to supply cheap power and fuel for 

 centuries. The prospects for natural gas are 

 equally favorable. Electrical power for manu- 

 facturing purposes is developed on the Bow 

 River a short distance west of the city. 



Calgary's site is remarkably attractive. Just 

 to the west of the city are the foothills of 

 the Rocky Mountains, and beyond them are 

 visible the snow-capped peaks of the moun- 

 tains themselves. Within easy reach of Cal- 

 gary are Banff and other famous mountain 

 resorts. The city lies on a plateau, at an alti- 

 tude of 3,437 feet. On one side the plateau 

 is cut by the Bow River, whose cool waters 

 flow from the pass traversed by the main line 

 of the Canadian Pacific Railway. At Calgary 

 the Bow River is joined by one of its tribu- 

 taries from the southwest, the Elbow River. 



Trade and Industry. To Calgary are sent 

 the raw products of the prairies and the moun- 

 tains cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, grains, coal, 

 clay, stone, lumber. The city forwards a part 

 of these products to other centers, but an 

 increasing proportion is used in local factories. 

 The value of the manufactured articles in 1916 

 was estimated at more than $12,000,000, as 

 compared with less than $8,000,000 in 1910 and 

 only $600,000 in 1900. The factories of the 

 city produce flour and other cereal products, 

 biscuits and bread, meat, brick and tile, build- 

 ing materials, cement, harness and other leather 

 goods, soap, carriages and wagons, and lumber 

 and foundry products of all kinds. 



Calgary is an important railway divisional 

 point, with large repair shops which add more 

 than $1,000,000 to the city's manufactures. As 

 a distributing center the city's importance is 

 indicated by the presence of nearly two hun- 

 dred wholesale houses. 



Noteworthy Buildings and Other Features. 

 The city is laid out, for the most part, in 

 regular rectangles, with wide streets. In and 

 about the town are a number of pretty recrea- 

 tion spots, including Victoria Park, 103 acres, 

 Reservoir Park, eighty-three acres, and Shaga- 

 nappi Park, ninety-six acres. Conspicuous 

 among the city's buildings are the Hudson's 

 Bay Company's Stores, built at a cost of 

 $1,000,000; the Herald Block; the Canada Life 

 Assurance Building; and the Canadian Pacific's 

 Palliser Hotel, which cost $1,500,000. The city 

 has over thirty public schools, a number of 

 Roman Catholic separate schools, four col- 

 leges, the Provincial Normal School and the 

 Provincial Institute of Technology. 



Government and History. Since 1909 Cal- 

 gary has had government by a commission of 

 three members, one of whom is mayor and has 

 charge of the city hall departments; one of 

 public works; and the third, of public utilities. 

 The city owns its street railways, water works, 

 electric light and power plant, municipal mar- 

 ket and municipal paving plant. It is one of 

 the chief stations of the Royal Northwest 

 Mounted Police, and is the seat of the Calgary 

 judicial district. 



The year 1883 is usually given as the date 

 of the founding of Calgary. More than a 

 century before, in 1752, the French built Fort 

 La Jonquiere not far from the present site of 

 the city, and later Fort Bow, or Bow Fort, was 

 a trading post for many years. The building 

 of the Canadian Pacific Railway led to the 

 formation of a settlement here, first known as 

 Calgarry, in honor of a small estate of that 

 name in the Hebrides Islands. The word is of 

 Gaelic origin, and means clear, running water. 

 Calgary was incorporated as a city in 1894. 

 See colored map, article CANADA. j .M c c. 



CALHOUN, kal hoon' , JOHN CALDWELL (1782- 

 1850), an American statesman, one of the 

 most able and distinguished advocates of the 

 "states' rights" doctrine. For forty years he 

 was prominent in national affairs, and in all 

 that time no word was spoken against his char- 

 acter, no doubt was ever felt as to his great 

 ability. But he had championed what proved 

 an impossible cause, striving for a union which 

 should be outwardly strong but should have 

 as its elements practically independent states. 

 As Webster's slogan, famous the world over, 

 was "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one 

 and inseparable"; as Jackson's was "The Union 

 must and shall be preserved," so Calhoun's 

 was "Liberty dearer than Union." 



