CALOMEL 



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THE REGIONS OF CALMS 



CALOMEL, kal'omel, a widely-known drug 

 which has especial popularity in regions where 

 malaria prevails. In the low river lands of the 

 Southern United States, for instance, almost 

 every household has its supply of calomel, and 

 many people take it at intervals whether any 

 particular need for it is felt or not. Besides 

 stimulating the flow of bile, it acts as a power- 

 ful cathartic, but there are certain dangers of 

 mouth poisoning or salivation attendant on its 

 use, and there are safer and better purgatives 

 than calomel. The regular dose varies from 

 one-half grain to ten grains. Calomel is -a mer- 

 cury compound, and as it appears on the market 

 is a white, heavy powder which is insoluble in 

 water, ether or alcohol. Most of it is prepared 

 by heating mercurous sulphate with common 

 salt in an iron vessel and cooling the vaporized 

 product to condensation point, but some occurs 

 in nature as horn quicksilver. W.A.E. 



CALORIE, kal'ori, or CALORY, the amount 

 of heat required to raise the temperature of 

 one kilogram of water one degree centigrade 

 (C.), which is about the same amount that is 

 required to heat one pound of water 4 Fahren- 

 heit (F.). The small, or gram, calorie is the 

 amount of heat required to raise the temper- 

 ature of one gram of water one degree centi- 

 grade. The calorie, therefore, is a unit em- 

 ployed in measuring quantities of heat. 

 Calorimetry is the measurement of the quantity 

 of heat a body absorbs or gives off in changing 

 68 



from one temperature to another, or from one 

 state to another; for example, from a solid to 

 a liquid or a liquid to a solid. In freezing, 

 water gives off a certain amount of heat 

 seventy-nine calories per kilogram, or thirty- 

 six calories per pound and the same amount 

 of heat is absorbed in changing the ice back 

 to water. The fuel values of foods are ex- 

 pressed in calories. See FOOD, subhead Food as 

 Fuel. ' J.F.S. 



CALUMET, MICH., a city which owes its im- 

 portance to the vast copper interests of the 

 vicinity. It is about seventy miles northwest of 

 Marquette, and is on the Keweenaw Central, 

 the Mineral Range and the Copper Range rail- 

 roads. The famous Calumet and Hecla copper 

 mine, near the city, is one of the richest in the 

 world. Population of the city and Laurium and 

 suburbs, all one industrial section, 32,345 in 1910. 



CALUMET, kal'umet, the "pipe of peace" 

 of the American Indians, used on all cere- 



THE CALUMET 

 monial occasions, but especially when treaties 

 of peace were ratified. The pipe was passed 

 around the circle of warriors and each one took 



