CAMBRIDGE 



1077 



CAMBYSES 



furniture, musical instruments, candies, car- 

 riages and lumber products. 



Cambridge was first settled as Newe Towne 

 in 1630. The present name was adopted in 

 1638, in honor of Cambridge, England, and a 

 charter was granted in 1846. It has been the 

 home of many famous Americans, and con- 

 tains several features of historical interest; 

 among these is the Washington Elm under 

 which George Washington stood when he as- 

 sumed command of the Continental army in 

 1775. In beautiful Mount Auburn Cemetery 

 are the graves of Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes, 

 Agassiz, Phillips Brooks, John Fiske and many 

 other distinguished Americans. Among the 

 fine old colonial mansions in Cambridge are 

 the homes of Longfellow and Lowell; Craigie 

 House, where Longfellow lived for many years, 

 and which Washington occupied at the time of 

 the Revolution, is now preserved as a memorial 

 of America's favorite poet. M.w. 



CAMBRIDGE, OHIO, a shipping point and 

 manufacturing center in Guernsey County, sit- 

 uated about midway between the geographical 

 center and the eastern border line of the state. 

 Marietta is fifty-nine miles south. This region 

 is rich in coal, natural gas, petroleum and pot- 

 tery clay, and through Cambridge large quan- 

 tities of coal are shipped over the Baltimore & 

 Ohio and the Pennsylvania railroads, both of 

 which serve the city. Mining is the principal 

 industry, but the city has sheet and tin-plate 

 mills, iron and steel mills, planing mills, a 

 large earthenware plant and a glove factory. 

 The division shops of the Pennsylvania Rail- 

 road are also located here. The Carnegie Li- 

 brary, the courthouse and a home for children 

 are buildings worthy of note. Cambridge was 

 settled in 1806 and incorporated in 1831. In 

 1910 the population was 11,327; in 1914 it was 

 12,640. The area of the city is two and one- 

 half square miles. 



CAMBRIDGE, UNIVERSITY OF, one of the 

 two great universities of England, rivaling 

 Oxford for first place among educational insti- 

 tutions. It is usually regarded as of later 

 foundation than Oxford University, though 

 many have endeavored to establish its claims 

 to seniority. The first Cambridge college was 

 established in 1281 by Hugh de Balsham, bishop 

 of Ely, and named Peterhousc, or Saint Peter's 

 College. The university now comprises seven- 

 teen colleges, of which Downing, founded in 

 1800, is the most modern. 



Government of the University. Each of its 

 seventeen colleges constitutes a separate cor- 



poration, governed by laws and usages of its 

 own but subject to the laws of the university, 

 just as states and provinces are, in some mat- 

 ters, subject to national laws. The government 

 of the university is vested in a chancellor, 

 the masters or heads of colleges, fellows and 

 students of colleges, and it is incorporated as a 

 society for the study of all the arts and 

 sciences. The legislative senate consists of the 

 chancellor, vice-chancellor and those who have 

 taken the degree of Doctor or Master of Arts. 

 The discipline of each college is maintained by 

 the dean. 



Examinations. An examination is required 

 to qualify a student for entrance into the 

 university. The subjects include classics, 

 mathematics, one of the Gospels in Greek and 

 selected Latin subjects. Later there is another 

 examination in the classics and general sub- 

 jects, followed finally by a more severe exam- 

 ination as a test of qualification for a degree. 

 The students, called undergraduates, number 

 about 3,000, and there are about forty profes- 

 sors in the various departments. There are 

 three terms yearly. The university exchanges 

 professors for a few weeks each year with 

 several American universities. 



Revenue. The annual income of the uni- 

 versity is about $300,000, derived from fees and 

 endowments. The cost of completing a course, 

 which occupies three years, varies with the 

 tastes and habits of the student, but as a rule 

 an undergraduate would need an allowance of 

 $1,000 to $1,500 a year. 



Women's College. No degrees are con- 

 ferred on women. The students of Girton and 

 Newnham, the chief centers of women's educa- 

 tion in England, have full facilities for attend- 

 ing lectures and examinations at the university, 

 receiving certificates on graduation instead of 

 degrees. F.ST.A. 



CAMBRIC, kame'brik, a thin cloth woven 

 from linen yarn of the finest quality, so called 

 from the town of Cambrai, France, where it is 

 said the cloth was first made. One of the 

 items listed in the private expense record of 

 King Henry VIII, dated 1534, is cambric for 

 his shirts. This fabric is now used generally 

 in making handkerchiefs, collars, cuffs, fine 

 underclothing and fine baby clothes, and is 

 also used as an embroidery linen. Cheap imi- 

 tations, made of cotton yarn, are also on the 

 market. 



CAMBYSES, kambi'seez, II ( ? -522 B.C.), 

 a son of Cyrus the Great, who became, after 

 the death of his father, in 529 B.C., king of 



