CAMP 



10X1 



CAMP 



land near the shore, the best place for a 

 camp is some point projecting into the water. 

 Here the currents of air will probably be strong 

 enough to keep insects away. 



If a choice can be made between two loca- 

 tions, one near firewood and the other near 

 water, the latter is likely to be more pic- 

 turesque, but the former involves less work. 

 It is much easier to carry water than wood. 

 If the camp is more or less permanent, involv- 

 ing the use of tents, ground sloping to the 

 south is best, for the open end of the tent can 

 then be placed so that the sun's rays will reach 

 the interior. A camp should never be made, 

 if avoidable, in dense woods, where falling 

 limbs are dangerous, or in a hollow, which will 

 collect water after a rain. Dead wood and 

 heavy underbrush are breeding places for mos- 

 quitoes, and they retain dampness. 



can be wired to make a firm support, but two 

 upright forked sticks, with a third laid across 

 them, make a satisfactory substitute. The 

 simplest and in some ways the best method is 

 to hang kettles on a long trailer resting in 

 the crotches of forked uprights, as shown in the 

 illustration. Such a trailer can be shifted by 

 one person. 



If a fire is being built to provide warmth, 

 one of the best methods is to lay it between 

 two large logs laid parallel. One of the ap- 

 proved ways of building a fire to give heat for 

 a night is illustrated herewith. Two green 

 stakes should be driven into the ground nearly 

 perpendicular. Two heavy logs, for fire-dogs, 

 may be laid at right angles to the line between 

 the stakes. Logs may then be piled against 

 the stakes to any height, and two more stakes 

 driven to hold them in position. As each log 



HOW CAMP FIRES SHOULD BE BUILT 

 At left, night fire ; at center and right, fires for cooking. 



Camp Fires. The experienced camper starts 

 a fire as soon as the camp is located, and one 

 glance at a fire will tell just how much camp- 

 ing experience the builder has had. There are 

 many ways of building a fire, and as many 

 ways of arranging and supporting the pots and 

 pans. If a high wind is blowing and the camp 

 is somewhat unprotected, it is wise to dig a fire 

 hole, so the live coals will not be blown 

 away. Another simple method is to build the 

 fire in a V-shaped space protected by two logs. 

 The logs should be smoothed off on top, so 

 frying pans and other utensils may be set on 

 them. At the open end of the V the fire 

 should be kept burning briskly, and here the 

 kettle of v;ater may be set to boil. At the 

 closed end of the V should be a bed of live 

 coals, and here the frying and baking should 

 be done. Instead of two logs, two rows 01 

 flat stones may be used. 



In permanent camps it is customary to make 

 racks on whiph to hang kettles and pots over 

 the fire. Three pieces of lead pipe, for example, 



burns away the others will drop down, and 

 the fire will burn as long as logs remain 

 above it. 



Building a fire is not difficult in dry weather, 

 but if it is raining the camper may experience 

 trouble. If some dry wood cannot be found 

 under the trees, search should be made for a 

 dead cedar. Cedar splits easily and burns 

 quickly. After the wood is split, some of the 

 smaller pieces should be piled up in the form 

 of a hollow pyramid, with shavings stuffed 

 inside it. Dry birch bark or dead twigs on 

 the lee side of a tree can generally be found, 

 if a cedar is not available; but if nothing else 

 is at hand, it may be necessary to chop into 

 a fallen tree for dry shavings. The fire should 

 be built on the lee side that is, the side pro- 

 tected from the wind of a boulder or clump 

 of trees. In the winter it is best not to build 

 a fire under a tree covered with snow, as the 

 heat will melt the snow and the water may 

 put out the fire. The inexperienced camper 

 frequently gathers too little firewood; it is 



