CAMP 



1086 



CAMPANULA 



or old, boys or girls, men or women, are not 

 wanted in a real camp. More than anything 

 else cheerfulpess is the essential of a good 

 camper; a cheerful "tenderfoot" is infinitely 

 better company than a sulky veteran. W.F.Z. 



Consult Hank's Camp Kits and Camp Life; 

 Kephart's Book of Camping and Woodcraft. 



CAMP, WALTER (1859- ), one of the lead- 

 ing American authorities on amateur athletics, 

 sometimes called the "dean of American foot- 

 ball." The name of Walter Camp is probably 

 familiar to every boy who has ever been on a 

 football team. His interest in athletics dates 

 from his undergraduate days at Yale Univer- 

 sity, where he played on the university foot- 

 ball and baseball teams, rowed on his class 

 crew, won the high hurdles and represented 

 Yale (with Slocum) in the first Intercollegiate 

 Tennis Meet. After his graduation in 1880 he 

 became active in the management of Yale ath- 

 letics, and for many years was chairman of the 

 athletic committee. He gradually became rec- 

 ognized as the leading authority on football, 

 has been for many years a member of the foot- 

 ball rules committee and its secretary, and is 

 editor of the committee's official organ, Spald- 

 ing's Football Guide. Each year he selects an 

 "All-America" football team, composed of the 

 star players of the different colleges, and his 

 selections are generally regarded as authorita- 

 tive. 



Camp's intimate knowledge of schools and 

 athletics has been used to advantage in books 

 written primarily for boys. These are among 

 the most popular of all juvenile books, and in- 

 clude The Substitute, Jack Hall of Yale, Old 

 Ryerson and two Danny Fists series. He also 

 wrote the Book of College Sports, American 

 Football, Football Facts and Figures, and nu- 

 merous articles published in magazines. 



CAMPANILE, kahmpahne'la, from the 

 Italian word for bell, is the name given to the 

 old bell towers belonging to the churches of 

 Italy. They were built for the same purpose 

 as the steeples of ordinary churches to hold 

 the bell which by its ringing should assemble 

 the people; but they differ from steeples in 

 that they are not joined to the churches to 

 which they belong, but form separate buildings. 

 The earliest ones date from the sixth century, 

 but not until three or four centuries later did 

 they become very numerous. 



The mest famous examples are the campa- 

 nile of the cathedral at Florence, designed by 

 Giotto in the fourteenth century and faced 

 with red, white and black marble; and the 



Leaning Tower of Pisa, inclining almost four- 

 teen feet from the perpendicular. Saint 

 Mark's campanile, possibly the most notable 

 of all, was 302 feet high and a landmark of 



CAMPANILE OF SAINT MARK'S, VENICE 

 See article TOWER, noting similarity between 

 the campanile above and the tower comprising 

 the twenty-five upper stories of the Metropoli- 

 tan Building. New York City. Modern builders 

 have adapted to present-day needs with excel- 

 lent results a structure which a thousand years 

 ago represented little more than a sentiment. 



Venice for over a thousand years, dating from 

 A. D. 900. In 1902 it collapsed; work of restora- 

 tion began in 1905, and the new campanile, 

 shown in the illustration, was completed in 

 1912. See PISA. 



CAMPANULA, kampan'ula, from the Latin 

 campana, meaning bell, the name of a group 

 of plants which bear nodding, bell-shaped flow- 

 ers, white, blue or lilac in color. Probably the 

 favorite species is the slender little harebell, 

 also called the bluebell of Scotland, which 

 grows in meadows and on rocky hillsides, and 

 is also found. high up on the mountain slopes. 

 The more showy varieties of campanula are 

 popular in gardens, and are especially effective 

 as border flowers. Those species that blossom 

 year after year may be planted from young 

 cuttings in the spring or from seeds. They 

 are easily cultivated. 



