CAMPBELL 



1087 



CAMPBELL 



CAMPBELL, kam'bel, ALEXANDER (1788- 

 1866), a religious leader and reformer, founder 

 of the Christian (Disciples) Church. He was 

 born in the County of Antrim, Ireland, the son 

 of a minister. His father, Thomas Campbell, 

 emigrated to America in 1807 and settled in 

 Washington, Pa. Two years later, the family, 

 of which Alexander was the eldest, followed 

 him and soon afterward settled in Bethany, 

 W. Va. While a student in Glasgow, Scot- 

 land, Alexander Campbell broke with the old 

 religious ties. On arriving in America he 

 found that his father had also withdrawn from 

 the Seceders, a branch of the Presbyterian 

 Church, and had formed an independent organ- 

 ization called the "Christian Association of 

 Washington," whose aim was the promotion 

 of Christian union. A Declaration and Ad- 

 dress had been drawn up by Thomas Camp- 

 bell, setting forth the object of the Associa- 

 tion. The principles of this document the son 

 heartily espoused, and at once became the 

 champion of the restoration movement which 

 it advocated, namely, a return to the New 

 Testament as the rule of faith and practice. 



Because of his gifts as a speaker and his 

 qualities of leadership, Alexander Campbell 

 soon became the recognized head of the move- 

 ment, and the influence of his teaching spread 

 rapidly through the Ohio Valley. The first 

 organization of his followers was at Brush Run 

 in Washington County, Pa. As they had be- 

 come immersionists they were admitted into 

 the Red Stone Baptist Association, and con- 

 tinued their affiliation with that body until 

 compelled to withdraw because of doctrinal 

 differences. This separation took place through- 

 out the country where Campbell's influence 

 had gone, between the years 1827 and 1830, 

 resulting in the religious body known to-day as 

 the Disciples of Christ. 



To present more effectively the cause he ad- 

 vocated, Campbell began in 1823 the publica- 

 tion of the Christian Baptist, which was later 

 merged into the Millennial Harbinger and con- 

 tinued its monthly appearance until his death. 

 In 1840, recognizing the need of an educated 

 ministry, he founded Bethany College and be- 

 came its first president. 



In his advocacy of truth he entered the field 

 of public debate, and in platform power he 

 had few rivals. Among his published works, 

 which comprise more than sixty volumes, are 

 his published debates, The Christian System, 

 Memoirs of Thomas Campbell and The Living 

 Oracles. See DISCIPLES OF CHRIST. T.W.G. 



CAMPBELL, SIR, ALEXANDER (1822-1892), a 

 Canadian statesman, one of the leaders in the 

 movement for Confederation, first Postmaster- 

 General of the Dominion and for twenty years 

 the leader of the Conservative party in the 

 Senate. A Scotchman by descent and an Eng- 

 lishman by birth, as a boy of two he was taken 

 to Canada by his parents, who settled first at 

 Lachine and later at Kingston. At Kingston, 

 Campbell became the friend and partner of a 

 young barrister, John A. Macdonald, whose 

 name later became a household word in Can- 

 ada. Both the partners were active in politics ; 

 Campbell was in turn alderman of Kingston, 

 speaker of the legislative council of Upper 

 Canada, and commissioner of Crown lands. At 

 Confederation he was summoned to the Do- 

 minion Senate, from which he resigned in 1887, 

 to serve until his death as lieutenant-governor 

 of Ontario. His activity in the Senate was not 

 so conspicuous as that of less able men of 

 his party in the House of Commons, but for 

 twenty years his influence was perhaps second 

 only to that of Sir John Macdonald. Mac- 

 donald repeatedly gave him positions in the 

 Cabinet, first as Postmaster-General, from 1867 

 to 1873, and later as Minister of Militia and 

 Defense, 1880 to 1881, as Minister of Justice, 

 1881 to 1885, and again as Postmaster-General, 

 1885 to 1887. 



CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777-1844), a noted 

 English poet, best known to general readers for 

 his stirring lyrics Hohenlinden, Ye Mariners 

 of England and The Battle oj the Baltic, and 

 his ballad of Lord Ullin's Daughter. Certain 

 lines from his poems have become so familiar 

 that they are everywhere quoted, without 

 thought of their source. Such are 



'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view. 



Like angel visits, few and far between. 



Coming events cast their shadows before. 



Campbell was born and educated in Glas- 

 gow, and while in the university in that city 

 won a reputation by his poetical translations 

 from the Greek. His Pleasures oj Hope, pub- 

 lished in 1799, made him immediately famous 

 and won him a pension of $1,000 a year. The 

 chief of his later works, besides those men- 

 tioned above, were Gertrude oj Wyoming, a 

 narrative in verse of the Wyoming Valley 

 Massacre in Pennsylvania, and an anthology 

 called Specimens oj British Poets. From 1820 

 to 1830 he edited the New Monthly Magazine, 

 and in 1826 was made lord rector of the Uni- 

 versity of Glasgow. He was buried in the 

 Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. 





