CAMPANINI 



1090 



CAMROSE 



CAMPHOR 



form of this substance, is a mixture of ten 

 parts camphor, seventy parts alcohol and 

 twenty parts water. Applied externally it acts 

 as a counter-irritant (see BLISTER) and to a 

 slight extent as 

 an anesthetic. As 

 it has antiseptic 

 properties, it is 

 also used in lini- 

 ments. Taken in- 

 ternally it acts as 

 a nerve stimulant 

 and is used in 

 cases of hysteria, 

 inflammation o f 

 the large intes- 

 tine and cholera. 

 In large doses it 

 is a poison, caus- 

 i n g convulsions 

 resulting in death. 



Camphor gum is used in the manufacture of 

 celluloid and of certain explosives. It is some- 

 times placed in furs and woolen garments to 

 protect them from moths, though the cheaper 

 substance, naphthalene, is much more commonly 

 employed for this purpose. Camphor has been 

 made artificially from turpentine, but not eco- 

 nomically enough to compete with the natural 

 product. The word camphor is applied to a 

 class of substances similar to and including the 

 camphor of laurel. Among these are menthol 

 (peppermint camphor), thymol (thyme cam- 

 phor) and borneol (from a magnificent tree 

 native to Borneo and the adjacent islands of 

 Sumatra and Labuan). J.F.S. 



CAMPANINI, kahm pah nee' ne, CLEOFONTE 

 (1860- ), an orchestra conductor, promi- 

 nently identified with the notable present-day 

 musical ventures in Europe and America. He 

 was born at Parma, Italy, and was educated 

 as a violinist. When twenty-three years of age, 

 while conductor of the Parma Opera House, 

 he was offered an engagement at the Metro- 

 politan Opera House, New York City. Under 

 his baton Madame Sembrich made her New 

 York debut in La Sonnambula. From 1903 to 

 1906 he conducted orchestras at Milan, Rome, 

 Naples and Venice. At Milan he produced 

 the first version of Puccini's Madame Butterfly, 

 which was not favorably received; later he 

 successfully directed this same opera at Covent 

 Garden, London, and in America's leading cities. 

 As conductor of the Manhattan Opera House, 

 New York City, he introduced Louise, Samson 

 and Delilah, Thais and The Damnation oj 



Faust. From 1910 to 1913 he was director of 

 the Chicago Grand Opera Company, and in 

 1913 he succeeded to the position of general 

 manager. 



CAMPUS MARTIUS, kam'pus mar'shus,' 

 a large open space outside the walls of ancient 

 Rome, set apart for military combats and ath- 

 letic exercises, and sacred to the god Mars, for 

 whom it was named. It lay between the Pin- 

 cian, the Quirinal and the Capitoline hills and 

 the Tiber River, and in early times had an 

 area of about 320 acres. Later the field was 

 made smaller by the erection of numerous 

 private and public buildings, and towards the 

 end of the republic the Campus Martius be- 

 came a suburban pleasure ground for the Ro- 

 mans, with gardens, shady walks, baths and 

 theaters. Agrippa erected there the old Pan- 

 theon, and Augustus built a magnificent tomb 

 for himself. The site of the original Campus 

 Martius is now occupied by a thickly-settled 

 portion of the modern business city. See map, 

 in article ROME. 



CAM 'ROSE, a town in the Canadian prov- 

 ince of Alberta, 175 miles northeast of Calgary 

 and forty-seven miles southeast of Edmonton. 

 Since 1906, when it was incorporated, it has had 

 a remarkable development. Then it was a 

 little settlement at the end of a branch line 

 of the Canadian Pacific Railway; now it is 

 an important railway center, with branch lines 

 of the Canadian Northern and the Grand 

 Trunk Pacific, as well as the Canadian Pacific, 

 radiating in all directions. From an unin- 

 habited spot on the plains it grew to a popula- 

 tion of 1,586 in 1911, and to over 2,000 in 1916. 

 Its growing importance has won distinct recog- 

 nition, for it is now the headquarters for one- 

 fourth of the provincial telephone system, and 

 also has one of the two provincial normal 

 schools. The normal school was opened in 

 January, 1915, in a splendid new building 

 erected at a cost of $250,000. 



The Camrose district is famous for its rich 

 farms and its coal deposits. Mixed farming in 

 the region brought wholesale -ond farm imple- 

 ment houses to the town. The coal deposits, a 

 good grade of semi-bituminous, are in many 

 places near the surface and are easily mined. 

 Valuable deposits are known to exist inside 

 the town limits. Camrose owns its water works 

 and electric light and power plant, which are 

 operated at a low cost because of the cheapness 

 of coal. The town is under the single-tax 

 system, there being no licenses or taxes on 

 buildings or improvements of any kind (see 



