CANADA 



1092 



CANADA 



ada would have if Europe were transplanted 

 upon it, its present population is but a tiny 

 nation. The census of 1911 gave the Dominion 

 a total of 7,206,643 inhabitants, about the same 

 as Rumania, one of the smaller European na- 

 tions. Bulgaria has about 4,300,000 people, 

 Serbia and Greece together have over 6,000,000, 

 while Montenegro adds 516,000. Thus the 

 Balkan states, though only a small spot on 



THE DOMINION OF CANADA 

 Showing geographical position in North Amer- 

 ica, showing Newfoundland and Labrador, also. 



the map of the world, have a population two 

 and a half times that of the Dominion. 



These comparisons can merely suggest the 

 vast possibilities which lie within the Domin- 

 ion. Its natural wealth has already given it a 

 remarkable development, but its resources are 

 still to. a great extent undeveloped. What 

 these resources are, how they have been and 

 are being used, how the people who develop 



them live and govern themselves, how the}' 

 have struggled in the past and are still strug- 

 gling to make the history of Canada a noble 

 one all this is the story of Canada. 



Area. The Dominion of Canada, with a 

 total area of 3,729,665 square miles, occupies 

 slightly less than one-half of the North Amer- 

 ican continent. With the exception of Alaska, 

 Newfoundland and Labrador, it includes all of 

 North America north of the United States. 

 The greatest length of the Dominion, from east 

 to west, is about 2,700 miles; from north to 

 south its greatest extent is 1,600 miles. Can- 

 ada is the largest country in the world, Russia 

 and China excepted. Its vast area is divided 

 into provinces and territories as follows : 



SQUARE MILES 



Alberta 255,285 



British Columbia 355,855 



Manitoba 251,832 



New Brunswick 27,985 



Nova Scotia 21,428 



Ontario 407,262 



Prince Edward Island 2,184 



Quebec 706,834 



Saskatchewan 251,700 



Northwest Territories 1,242,224 



Yukon 207,076 



Total 3,729,665 



This total does not include Hudson Bay, 

 which covers 443,750 square miles, and the 

 Gulf of Saint Lawrence, which covers 101,562 

 square miles. It does, however, include those 

 portions of the Great Lakes which lie within 

 the Canadian boundaries, and all other water 

 surface in the Dominion. The total area under 

 water is 125,755 square miles. The areas of 

 the provinces as given in the table above were 

 established in 1912. By the boundary revision 

 of that year the area of Manitoba was in- 

 creased by 178,100 square miles, Ontario by 

 146,400 square miles and Quebec by 354,961. 

 The* additions to Quebec, Ontario and Mani- 

 toba were formerly part of the Northwest 

 Territories. 



The People of Canada 



Their Number. From a population of 70,000, 

 scattered along the rivers, in 1760, Canada has 

 grown to a nation which spreads from ocean to 

 ocean and at the last census (1911) included 

 7,206,643 persons. It is an interesting fact that 

 in the , forty years from 1871 to 1911 the 

 population of Canada increased approximately 

 as much as in the whole preceding century. 

 More than one-half of the increase since 1871 



came in the decade from 1901 to 1911. In 

 1791 the .total population was nearly 150,000, 

 of which only about 25,000 were in Upper 

 Canada (Ontario). In 1871, at the first census 

 of the Dominion, Ontario had nearly one-half 

 of the total, which was then 3,689,257. During 

 each decade until 1901 the population increased 

 by about 500,000; but from 1901 to 1911 it 

 jumped from 5,371,315 to 7,206,643, an increase 



