CANADA 



1107 



CANADA 



from rinderpest, pleuro-pneumonia and the 

 foot-and-mouth disease. The government has 

 also provided a national registration system for 

 pedigreed live stock, and the effect on the 

 cattle has been noteworthy. 



The activities of the government in relation 

 to agriculture are almost numberless. It fur- 

 nishes information as to the operation of dairy- 

 ing factories and maintains model creameries 

 and cheese factories. Inspectors give informa- 



tion about the best ways to pack fruit, butter 

 and cheese. The government also offers boun- 

 ties, or subsidies, under certain conditions, to 

 persons who provide cold-storage facilities. 

 One of its most important services is in the 

 extension of markets. Commercial agents are 

 stationed at various foreign cities throughout 

 the world to study foreign markets and the 

 best methods of introducing Canadian prod- 

 ucts or furthering their sale. 



Fisheries of Canada 



The waters in and about Canada contain 

 the principal food fishes in greater abundance 

 than do the waters in any other part of the 

 world. It is no exaggeration to say that Can- 

 ada has the most extensive fisheries in the 

 world. It is true, however, that the total value 

 of the annual catch in the United States is far 

 in excess of that in Canada, but a large part 

 of this excess is due to the fact that fish caught 

 off Canadian coasts and landed in United 

 States ports are credited to the United States. 

 The Canadian fisheries are naturally divided 

 into three groups the Atlantic, the Pacific and 

 the inland fisheries. 



Atlantic Fisheries. The Atlantic fisheries 

 may be divided into two classes, the deep-sea 

 fisheries and the inshore, or coastal, fisheries. 

 The deep-sea fishing grounds are off the 

 "Banks," twenty to ninety miles from the coast 

 of Newfoundland, and the fishing is usually 

 carried on from trawlers of forty to 100 tons. 

 Trawling with hook and line, with herring and 

 squid as bait, is the customary method. Cod, 

 haddock, hake and halibut are the principal 

 varieties caught. In the inshore, or coastal, 

 fisheries smaller boats are used, with crews of 

 two or three men, using nets, hand-lines and 

 trawls. The inshore fisheries extend along the 

 coast line of Quebec and the Maritime Prov- 

 inces, a total length of more than 5,000 miles. 



On this coast are many caves and natural 

 harbors, in most of which fish can be taken 

 with little effort. In addition to the fishes 

 already mentioned, the principal varieties 

 caught inshore are herring, mackerel, shad, 

 smelt, flounder and sardine. Lobsters are taken 

 in large numbers, and excellent oyster beds 

 exist in many parts of the Gulf of Saint Law- 

 rence. 



Pacific Fisheries. The fisheries on the Pacific 

 coast are wholly in British Columbia. For 

 many years they were of little value, then 

 they rose slowly to second place, and finally to 

 an undisputed leadership. Here, as on the 

 Atlantic coast, trawling is the usual method; 

 small dories are used for setting and hauling 

 the lines. The irregular coast of British Co- 

 lumbia, with thousands of inlets, bays and 

 islands, makes a shore line over 7,000 miles 

 long, which probably is better stocked with 

 fish than any other part of the world. Herring 

 exist in abundance, but the most important 

 catch is salmon (which see). North of Queen 

 Charlotte Sound considerable attention is being 

 given to the halibut fisheries. 



Inland or Fresh-water Fisheries. It has been 

 estimated that the Dominion has about 220,000 

 square miles of fresh-water area, practically the 

 whole of which is well stocked with fish. The 

 Canadian part of the Great Lakes is only 



VALUE OF THE CATCH 



