CANADA 



1110 



CANADA 



'STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES (1910) 



her products, smelting of ore and the packing 

 and preserving of fish are most important and 

 have raised the province to third place in 

 manufactures. 



In the prairie provinces, however, manufac- 

 turers have had little inducement, and the 

 manufacturing industries are comparatively 

 small and few, the most important ones 

 being dependent on agriculture for raw ma- 



terials. At Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary and 

 other cities meat packing is a growing industry ; 

 the making of flour and grist-mill products, 

 bread and other bakery goods and car repair- 

 ing are the other important industries. For 

 details of manufactures, see each province. 

 The table above summarizes the manufacturing 

 industries of the Dominion in 1910, the date of 

 latest available statistics. 



Transportation 



Canals. Canada's commercial and industrial 

 development was due in the first place to its 

 facilities for navigation by water, especially 

 the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. 

 The early settlers made the Saint Lawrence a 

 great highway; their descendants have con- 

 tinued to use it. More than that, they have 

 improved the channel and have built a system 

 of canals, so that vessels drawing not more 

 than fourteen feet of water may pass up the 

 Saint Lawrence through the Great Lakes to 

 the head of Lake Superior or the foot of Lake 

 Michigan. From the Strait of Belle Isle to 

 Port Arthur is 2,233 statute miles; to Duluth, 

 2,357 miles; and to Chicago, 2,289 miles. 



Ocean-going vessels ascend the Saint Lawrence 

 River as far as Montreal, 1,003 miles from the 

 Strait of Belle Isle. From Montreal west- 

 ward smaller vessels pass through nine canals, 

 in order, as follows : Lachine, Soulanges, Corn- 

 wall, Farran's Point, Rapide Plat, Galop, 

 Welland and Sault Ste. Marie, usually called 

 the Soo. The total length of these canals is 

 seventy-four miles, and the total lockage, or 

 height overcome by locks, is 553 feet. All of 

 these canals except the last two are usually 

 called the Saint Lawrence canals; they enable 

 ships to avoid the rapids in the river. The 

 Welland Canal connects Lake Erie and Lake 

 Ontario, and the Sault Ste. Marie Canal con- 



Bay Can, 



j Proposed Montreal 



Sault Ste. Mane Canal 



?z Murray Canafi 

 b Galop 

 c RapidePlat 

 d Farran's Pt. 

 e Cornwall 



Soulanges 

 9 Beauharncxs 

 h Lachine 

 i Chambly 

 j St Ours ' 



CANALS OF THE DOMINION 



The above map does not include the Welland Canal, which is shown in a map with the article 

 bearing that title. Special maps also show the Georgian Bay and Sault Sainte Marie canals, in arti- 

 cles of the same name. 



