CANON LAW 



1160 



CANOVA 



The next stage was the use of tree trunks, 

 which were hollowed out by fire or by crude 

 knives. Such canoes, called dugouts, are still 

 common in the interior of Africa. The natives 

 of North America have a variety of canoes, 

 including the bone-frame covered with skin, 



BRITISH COLUMBIA CEDAR DUGOUT 



Some of the early boats of this character were 

 a hundred feet long. 



which the Eskimos still use, and the familiar 

 birch-bark canoe. The birch-bark canoe is 

 still used by the poorer Indians in many parts 

 of the United States and Canada, but most 

 Indians use the modern cedar boat, which is 

 stronger, lighter and more easily paddled. 



Modern. The best modern canoes have cedar 

 frames, covered with a heavy canvas. The 

 ordinary canoe is open or undecked. Sailing 

 canoes usually have a fore- and after-deck, 

 leaving only a well in the middle of the boat 

 for the sailor or canoeist. Such canoes have 

 water-tight compartments in the bow and stern, 

 and collapsible center boards for use when the 

 sail is up. In small canoes the space below 

 decks is wasted, but in larger ones it often 

 provides sleeping-quarters. 



Motor Attachments. It is now possible to 

 buy an adjustable motor and propeller which 

 can be fastened to the stern of a canoe or row- 

 boat in a few minutes. Such motor attach- 

 ments are made under various trade names, 

 but they are all constructed on the principle 

 of the larger electric motors used in regular 

 power boats. The detachable motors weigh 

 from sixty to one hundred pounds, and cost 

 from $50 to $100. w.c. 



CANON, kan'un, LAW, a body of Church 

 law which regulates many of the doctrines and 

 other affairs of the Roman Catholic Church. 

 It is drawn from the opinions of the ancient 

 fathers of the Church, the epistles and bulls 

 of Popes and the decrees of Church councils, 

 to which are added certain maxims of the 

 civil law and the teachings of the Bible. 



CANONIZATION, kanuniza'shun, in the 

 Roman Catholic Church, an impressive cere- 

 mony by which duly-qualified deceased persons 

 are declared saints. One of the necessary quali- 

 fications is the candidate's performance of at 

 least two miracles. The power to canonize is 

 vested in the Pope, who conducts a rigid in- 

 vestigation into the former mode of life and 

 genuineness of the miracles attributed to the 

 prospective saint. This examination is a step 

 toward canonization, which takes place many 

 years after beatification, or announcement that 

 : the person is one of the "blessed." The object 

 of the further delay is to allow sufficient time 

 to collect additional proof of the fitness of 

 the candidate. This being established, a day 

 (usually the anniversary of the death of the 

 new saint) is set aside on which to honor his 

 memory, his name is placed in the list of the 

 saints, and churches and altars are conse- 

 crated to him. O.W.M. 



CANORA, kano'ra, a town in Saskatchewan, 

 on the main line of the Canadian Northern 

 Railway and on the Regina-Hudson Bay branch 

 of the Grand Trunk Pacific. It is in the eastern 

 part of the province, about thirty-five miles 

 from the Manitoba boundary, 193 miles north- 

 east of Regina and twenty-six miles north of 

 Yorktown, which is on the Canadian Pacific 

 Railway. The completion of the Hudson Bay 

 Railway will make Canora an important junc- 

 tion point. It is already a center for the ship- 

 ment of grain. Canora owns an electric light 

 plant and a waterworks system, the cost of the 

 latter being about $100,000. A hospital and a 

 race track are conspicuous features. Popula- 

 tion in 1911, 435; in 1916, about 1,200. 



CANOVA, kano'va, ANTONIO (1757-1822), 

 one of the greatest Italian sculptors of his time, 

 whose special work was to bring new life to 

 the declining art of sculpture in Italy. At 

 the Academy of Venice he had a brilliant 

 career, and in 1779 he was sent by the senate of 

 Venice to Rome, where he produced his 

 Theseus Vanquishing the Minotaur. In 1783 

 Canova undertook the execution of the tomb of 

 Pope Clement XIV in the Church of the 

 Apostles, a work inferior to his second and per- 

 haps his best public monument, the tomb of 

 Pope Clement XIII in Saint Peter's. Psyche 

 and Butterfly, Hebe, the colossal Hercules 

 Hurling Lichas into the Sea, the Pugilists and 

 the group Cupid and Psyche are among his 

 more noted works. He executed in Rome his 

 Perseus with the Head oj Medusa. 



He was summoned to Paris three times by 



