CAPTAIN 



1175 



CARACAS 



is used for pickles and sauces. Some kinds 

 are especially cultivated for medicinal uses, 

 mainly as a counter-irritant. Dried or pulver- 

 ized, these fruits are used in cases of neuralgia 

 and rheumatism and as an ingredient of a 

 gargle in extreme cases of sore throat. 



CAPTAIN , kap ' tin, the title given to a com- 

 missioned officer in the army and navy, taking 

 rank next above a lieutenant. In the army a 

 captain commands a company and is assisted 

 by first and second lieutenants. In the navy 

 he commands a battleship. The naval officer 

 takes rank one step above military officers bear- 

 ing the same title; hence a naval lieutenant is 

 equal in rank to a military captain and a naval 

 captain is of the same rank as a military 

 colonel. 



The pay of a captain varies in different 

 countries. In the United States the military 

 captain's pay is from $1,800 to $2,800 per year, 

 depending on length of service; a naval cap- 

 tain receives $4,500. A British army captain 

 draws $1,029; French, $676; German, $1,096; 

 Russian, $350; Austrian, $600; Italian, $760. 

 Naval captains draw pay as follows: England, 

 $2,443; Germany, $1,631 to $2,231; France, 

 $1,902 to $2,296; Russia, $2,871; Italy, $1,621. 

 The pay of captains in Canadian forces is con- 

 siderably higher than that of officers in sim- 

 ilar rank in the permanent British forces, and 

 is based on practically the same scale as that 

 of United States officers. 



CAPUCHINS , kap ' u chinz, or kap u sheenz ' , 

 an order of friars, founded in 1525, which is a 

 branch of the Order of Saint Francis, the 

 name being taken from the pointed hood, or 

 capouch, which is a part of their habit. They 

 are clothed in brown or gray, and wear sandals 

 instead of shoes. The rules of the Order pre- 

 scribe that the members shall live by begging, 

 and that no gold, silver or silk shall be used 

 about their altars. The Capuchins are char- 

 acterized by their devout piety and simple 

 sermons, and, with the Jesuits, were the most 

 effective preachers and missionaries of the 

 Church in the sixteenth century. They are 

 now most numerous in Austria. In the United 

 States they have monasteries in the dioceses 

 of Milwaukee and Green Bay, Wis., in New 

 York Cijy and in Leavenworth, Kan. See 

 FRIAR. G.W.M. 



CARABAO, kahrahbah'o, the name given 

 to a variety of the Asiatic water buffalo 

 found in the Philippine Islands, where it is 

 domesticated and highly valued as a beast of 

 burden. It is very slow in its movements and 



will not work during the heat of the day, but 

 will travel through bogs and marshes through 

 which no other animal could pass. Like its 

 Indian relative, it loves the water, and is a 



THE CARABAO AT WORK 



good swimmer. In its wild state it is fearless, 

 and if wounded becomes dangerous, charging 

 with great speed and ferocity. It is a little 

 smaller than the Indian water buffalo, which is 

 often six feet high at the shoulder and has a 

 spread of horns exceeding its height. In color 

 the carabao is a slaty bluish-black, and it be- 

 comes almost hairless when aged. 



Strange as it may appear to Western people, 

 the carabao dislikes white people, for it never 

 has become accustomed to their odor; but 

 it exhibits something bordering on affection 

 for its dirty, often ill-smelling, native master. 

 See BUFFALO, for illustration of water buffalo. 



CARACAS, kahrah' kahs, the principal city 

 and the capital of the Federal republic of 

 Venezuela and also of the Federal district of 

 Caracas, faces the north bank of the River 

 Guayra, in latitude 10 30' north, about 3,000 

 feet above sea level. Its port is La Guayra, on 

 the Caribbean Sea, six miles distant. This 

 port, by way of Saint Thomas, D. W. I., is 

 4,250 miles from London, about 2,070 miles 

 from New Orleans and 1,435 miles from New 

 York. The population of Caracas in 1915 was 

 about 85,000. 



Two principal avenues, crossing at right 

 angles, divide the city into quarters, in all of 

 which the streets are numbered on a model 

 plan, rendered practicable by their symmetry. 

 The streets are narrow, for the purpose of 

 securing shade; and the buildings are not tall, 

 for fear of earthquakes. Street-car lines, elec- 

 tric lights and power, adequate water supply, 

 good sanitation, telephone service, social ad- 

 vantages, literary activity and educational 

 facilities render the city desirable for residence, 

 though it is not, in a large sense, a trading or 

 manufacturing place. There are numerous pub- 

 lic squares, or little parks, with gardens and 

 statuary. The Plaza de Bolivar and the park 

 Independencia (on the western hill) are prom- 

 inent attractions. Among the public buildings 



