CARDSTON 



1184 



CARIBOU 



Playing cards are of ancient origin. The 

 course that card playing took in its European 

 diffusion shows that it probably came from the 

 Orient, for it was first found in the Eastern and 

 Southern countries. Historical trace of cards 

 was found earliest in Italy, then in Germany, 

 France and Spain, in the order named. 



CARDSTON, a town in the southwest corner 

 of the province of Alberta, fourteen miles north 

 of the United States boundary and sixty-seven 

 miles southwest of Lethbridge. It is on a 

 branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway and is 

 near Saint Mary's River, one of whose tribu- 

 taries, Lee's Creek, flows through the town. 

 Cardston is the center of a prosperous dry- 

 farming region, in which grains are the leading 

 products. There is also considerable stock rais- 

 ing and some dairy farming. The most con- 

 spicuous structure in the town is the $500,000 

 Mormon Temple, which gives the town its pop- 

 ular name, the "Temple City." A large part of 

 the population of Cardston and the district is 

 Mormon. There is fine scenery, good fishing 

 and big-game hunting in the mountains west 

 and south of Cardston. Population in 1911, 

 1,207; in 1916, estimated, 1,800. J.T.B. 



CARIBBEAN, kairibe'an, SEA, a body of 

 water which might be called a mammoth 

 lagoon. It begins at the north coasts of South 

 America and Panama and the eastern shores 

 of Central America and Yucatan, and is almost 



SOOTH AMERICA 



LOCATION MAP 



enclosed by the West Indies. Through it all 

 ships must pass proceeding to or from the At- 

 lantic end of the Panama Canal. From Trini- 

 dad on the east to Yucatan on the west it is 

 over 1,700 miles long; its greatest width is from 

 Haiti and Jamaica to Panama, about 700 miles. 

 In parts the sea is of great depth; soundings of 

 16,000 feet (nearly three miles) having been 

 found off the coast of Cuba and near the coast 

 of Venezuela. The broadest entrance to it is 

 the Yucatan Channel, 120 miles wide. In days 

 of adventure this sea was the "Spanish main." 



CARIBOU, kair'aboo, or kairaboo', an In- 

 dian name for the American reindeer, which is 

 now rarely found south of Canada, but for- 

 merly was common as far south as Wyoming. 

 There are three species found in Canada, known 



as the Newfoundland caribou, the barren 

 ground and the woodland. These distinctions 

 are made more on account of the districts in 

 which they are found than because of any im- 

 portant differences in the animals themselves. 

 Caribou roam about in the summer, constantly 

 changing their ground to escape the flies and 

 insects that become a terrible pest, but in win- 

 ter they gather together in herds, feeding on 

 winter berries and the leaves of shrubs. Their 

 large, hairy hoofs enable them to travel easily 

 in the snow. They have large antlers, one 

 branch of which extends over the forehead in 

 front . 



Caribou are carefully protected by game laws 

 in Canada and the United States and are 

 hunted only in the winter. When snow is on 

 the ground their tracks are easily followed. To 

 be successful, the hunter must approach the 

 game against the wind, for if the caribou gets 

 the scent of man it flees at such a pace even 

 over deep snow that pursuit is hopeless. Hunts- 

 men generally use a sporting rifle, firing a cart- 

 ridge containing a soft, lead-nosed bullet. The 

 steel bullet used in warfare would not disable 

 a caribou unless it entered the heart or brain. 

 The caribou is said to fall a victim to wolves 

 less frequently than does the moose, although 

 the latter is stronger and a more courageous 

 fighter. The greater speed and ability to travel 

 over loose snow enables the caribou to out- 

 distance his pursuers, while the moose, sinking 



