CARNEGIE 



1190 



CARNELIAN 



Carnegie Hero Funds. These gifts of Mr. 

 Carnegie are for the financial support of those 

 incapacitated for work, either temporarily or 

 permanently, in heroic attempts to save human 

 life, and for the aid of widows and orphans of 



CARNEGIE HERO-FUND MEDAL, 

 (Panel designed to receive inscription.) 



heroes. Medals of three classes are given. 

 The original fund of $5,000,000 set aside in 

 1904 for the United States, Canada and New- 

 foundland has been supplemented by similar 

 gifts for Great Britain and Ireland, France, 

 Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, 

 Sweden, Norway, Italy and Denmark. Mili- 

 tary bravery is not recognized. 



Carnegie Institution. This organization, 

 founded in 1902 to encourage in the broadest 

 and most liberal manner investigation, research 

 and discovery and the application of knowl- 

 edge to the improvement of mankind, has an 



CARNEGIE INSTITUTION 



endowment of $22,000,000. The institution 

 offers no regular class work and no degrees. 

 Its administration building is in Washington, 

 D. C. The President of the United States, 

 the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House 

 of Representatives, the secretary of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution and the president of the 

 National Academy of Sciences are ex-officio 

 members of the board, and the United States 

 government guarantees the free use of its pub- 

 lic records, museums and libraries to all per- 

 sons connected with the Institution. 



The organization has shown extraordinary 

 breadth in its work of advancing scholarship 

 and has aided research on subjects as widely 

 different as bacteria and the historical sources 

 of Browning's poem, The Ring and the Book. 

 It has already brought to the attention of the 

 world a number of scholarly men and has ren- 

 dered immense assistance to universities. The 

 value of future activities of the organization 

 would be hard to estimate, for it possesses 

 not only breadth of vision and good will, but 

 ample funds for every need. 



Carnegie Libraries. Over fifty million dollars 

 has been given by Mr. Carnegie to libraries 

 in English-speaking countries, and it is largely 

 as the result of his beneficence that the public 

 library has become a prominent institution in 

 every community of importance in the United 

 States and Canada. Cities which have not 

 accepted his aid have at least been stimulated 

 to better their libraries by the examples of 

 their neighbors. Professional training for libra- 

 rians has been encouraged. The type of archi- 

 tecture now almost standard for American 

 public libraries owes its prominence to the 

 activities of the Carnegie commission. C.H.H. 



CARNEGIE, PA., a suburb of Pittsburgh, 

 noted for its extensive steel-manufacturing in- 

 dustries. The borough was formed by the con- 

 solidation of Mansfield and Chartiers in 1894, 

 and named for Andrew Carnegie, the Ameri- 

 can steel manufacturer and philanthropist. The 

 population increased from 10,009 in 1910 to 

 11,150 in 1914. About sixty per cent are 

 American, the remainder consisting of Poles, 

 Italians, Russians and Greeks. 



Carnegie is situated in the beautiful Char- 

 tiers valley, in Allegheny County, in the 

 southwestern part of the state, about eight 

 miles southwest of Pittsburgh. The Pennsyl- 

 vania, the Wabash and the New York Central 

 railways serve the city. Electric lines com- 

 municate with Pittsburgh and adjacent towns. 

 Carnegie is an important coal-mining center; 

 natural gas and oil also are found in the vicin- 

 ity. There are extensive iron, steel, lead and 

 glass plants and manufactories of ploughs, 

 stoves and tinware. The most notable struc- 

 tures are the $100,000 Federal building, com- 

 pleted in 1916, the Carnegie Free Library, the 

 Masonic Temple and Saint Paul's Orphan Asy- 

 lum. 



CARNELIAN, kahrneel'yan, or CORNE- 

 LIAN, a kind of stone (chalcedony), usually of 

 a clear, rich, reddish color, but sometimes yel- 

 low, brown or white. It takes an excellent 



