CARPENTRY 



1194 



CARPENTRY 



ng.i 



their edges an inch from the outside. If the 

 building will be subject to high winds, bolts 

 are imbedded in the concrete while it is being 

 made, and the sills fastened as in Fig. 4. 



Corner posts. The uprights, Z 5 in Fig. 1, are 

 of two 2"x4", spiked together. They should be 



n g 4 



about 8" longer than the distance desired be- 

 tween ceiling and floor. Thus, a house of this 

 type with a ceiling 7' 4" high has an 8-foot post. 

 Studs. These are indicated by c c in Fig. 1, 

 and are 2"x4". The distance between them must 

 be so arranged that if the house is plastered 

 the ends of the laths, which are 48 inches long, 

 can be nailed to them ; therefore they are usu- 

 ally placed either 16" or 12" from the center 

 of one to the center of another. Study of the 

 spacings along the side (y to z) will show how 

 to space the other walls. It will be noticed 

 that the first center is measured from the edge 

 of the corner post and that the unavoidable 

 spaces of odd size are all made at one end of 

 the wall, so that few laths need to be cut. 



Joists. The floor beams, or joists, d d in 

 Fig. 1, are 2"x8". In houses of longer span the 

 larger dimension of the joists should be in- 

 creased one-half inch for every foot of length 

 beyond twelve. They are set beside the studs 

 and corner posts, and spiked to them as well as 

 to the sills. To make their tops level they are 

 notched on the under side, as in Fig. 5. Addi- 

 tional strength may be gained by bridging, as 

 in Fig. 6. 



Plates. The horizontal timbers e e in Fig. 1 

 are double 2"x4", like the corner posts. They 

 are joined at the corners in a manner" similar 

 to the sills (Fig. 3). Gable houses are some- 

 times built without the plate at front and back, 

 the studs continuing to the rafters. 



Ceiling beams. These are shown at / / in 

 Fig. 1, and are 2"x4". For longer spans they 

 should be 2"x6". Because laths are nailed to 

 them they are directly above the studs, with an 

 additional one close to the plates at each end. 

 Their projecting corners (fc) will have to be 

 sawed off before the roof is put on. 



Rafters. These timbers, marked g g in Fig. 1, 

 are spaced about 2 feet apart, the outside edge 

 of the first pair being flush with the outside 

 of the plate. Directions for measuring and 

 cutting rafters are given below. The ridge 

 board ft is an inch thick and about 6 inches 

 wide, and cut as shown in Fig. 14. 



King post. This is marked ; in Fig. 1. The 



