CATO 



1231 



CATT 



under Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic 

 War, and took part in the crushing defeat of 

 the Carthaginians at Zama, in 202 B. c. Mean- 

 while he had removed to Rome, where he 

 advanced rapidly in rank, serving as quaestor, 

 aedile and praetor, and in 195 B.C. he gained 

 the consulship. 



Cato came prominently into public life at a 

 time when Rome was being influenced by 

 Greek ideas and customs, and throughout his 

 entire career he was an unflinching and uncom- 

 promising foe of these new ideas, which he 

 believed were a corrupting element in the state. 

 In 184 B. c. he was elected censor, and so severe 

 and unsparing was he in the performance of 

 his duties that the title "the Censor" became 

 his distinctive surname, and has been borne 

 by him through all the centuries of history. 



Cato was sent to Carthage in 157 B. c. on a 

 mission for the state. Impressed by the pros- 

 perity of that city, he returned home to warn 

 his countrymen that Rome had still a danger- 

 ous rival, and thereafter he concluded every 

 speech with the famous exhortation, "Carthage 

 must be destroyed." In the year of his death 

 the great city was razed to the ground by 

 Roman might. Cato was equally great as a 

 writer and as a statesman, and he was the first 

 important author who wrote Latin prose. Of 

 his many works only one, a treatise on agri- 

 culture, has survived. 



Marcus Porcius (95-46 B. c.) is known in his- 

 tory as CATO OF UTICA, from the place of his 

 death, to distinguish him from his great-grand- 

 father, Cato the Censor. He fought with dis- 

 tinction in the war against Spartacus,. the 

 gladiator, served as military tribune in Mace- 

 donia and was made quaestor in 65 B.C. In 

 the latter office he was generally commended 

 for the reforms he introduced in the manage- 

 ment of the public treasury, and was chosen 

 tribune of the people in 63 B.C. As tribune 

 he delivered a speech accusing Caesar of having 

 had a share in Cataline's plot. 



Cato's opposition to Caesar was due to his 

 inability to see that the declining state needed 

 the service of such a genius as the great 

 Roman leader. He placed himself on the side 

 of Pompey when the latter broke with Caesar, 

 and as soon as the news of Pompey's defeat 

 at Pharsalia reached him, he departed to North 

 Africa. There he was placed in command of 

 the defense of Utica, but, convinced that the 

 cause of the republic was hopeless and pre- 

 ferring death to surrender, he took his own 

 life with the sword. B.M.W. 



Related Topics. A broader knowledge of the 

 life and times of these men will be gained from 

 the following articles : 

 Catiline Punic Wars 



Carthage Quaestor 



Censor Rome, subhead History 



Consul Spartacus 



Pompey Tribune 



Praetor 



CATS 'KILL MOUNTAINS, a rugged and 

 beautiful range of mountains lying west of and 

 nearly parallel to the Hudson River in New 

 York state, the southern end of the range 

 being about 100 miles by rail from New York 



OneiaaLake 

 'Syracuse 



NEW 



rC ATS KILL 

 MOUNTAIN 



\ 



PENNSYLVANIA^ 



LOCATION MAP 



City. The rock formation shows that these 

 mountains were once a river plateau, but the 

 rains and frosts, and probably glaciers, have 

 carved these rocks of the ancient sea into 

 many interesting shapes. And now, covered 

 with trees and woodland plants and flowers, 

 with waterfalls and little rivers here and there, 

 they furnish ideal spots for a large number of 

 summer resorts and sanitariums. This wild, 

 interesting scenery is reached by three routes, 

 the views from each approach being well worth 

 a long journey. The Catskills are fifty miles 

 long and thirty miles wide, the two highest 

 peaks being Slide Mountain, 4,250 feet, and 

 Hunter Mountain, 4,025 feet. Beginning in 

 these mountains is the ninety-two-mile Catskill 

 Aqueduct which furnishes 500,000,000 gallons 

 of water a day to the city of New York. Here, 

 too, is the Dunderberg, the scene of Washing- 

 ton Irving's Rip Van Winkle, a masterful piece 

 of fiction of the days of King George the 

 Third. See AQUEDUCT. TJS.F. 



CATSUP, kat' sup. See KETCHUP. 



CATT, CARRIE CHAPMAN, one of the most 

 zealous and successful of the American leaders 

 in the movement for woman suffrage. She was 

 born at Ripon, Wis., and educated in the Iowa 

 State Industrial College, later studying law. 



