CAYUGA 



1244 



CEDAR 



pepper, is the capital of French Guiana, the 

 last remnant of continental America now held 

 by France. It is on the Isle of Cayenne, near 

 the mouth of the Cayenne River, in latitude 

 5 north; it is about 3,800 miles from France 

 and about 2,500 miles from New York. It had 

 a population of 13,527 in 1915. The harbor is 

 shallow, and moderately-large ships anchor six 

 miles away to avoid grounding. There are 

 two quays, but no docks for repairs. The city 

 is square in plan, clean and well built of wood 

 and brick. There is a monthly exchange of 

 mails with the island of Martinique. 



Cayenne was founded by the Dutch in 1604, 

 but was taken by the French in 1676. In the 

 first decade of the present century the impris- 

 onment of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus, a French sol- 

 dier, on Devil's Island, near Cayenne, on a 

 charge of treason widely deemed false, at- 

 tracted the attention of the world. The island 

 on which he was confined forms part of the 

 penal colony for Asiatic and African criminals. 



CAYUGA, kayoo'ga, a tribe of Indians for- 

 merly living on the shores of Cayuga Lake, 

 New York. The name means swamp dwellers. 

 The Cayuga were of the Iroquoian family and 

 belonged to the Five Nations (which see). 

 They were the last to join this confederation 

 and were known as the Youngest Brother. At 

 the beginning of the Revolutionary War a 

 large part of them removed to Canada and 

 never returned; the others became scattered 

 among other tribes. About 800 of them now 

 live on Grand River reservation in Ontario. 

 For customs and habits, see INDIANS, AMERICAN. 



CAYUGA LAKE, a beautiful lake, one of 

 the system known as the Finger Lakes, from 

 their long, tapering shape. It is situated a lit- 

 tle west of the center of the state of New York, 

 is thirty-eight miles long and from one to three 

 and one-half miles wide. It discharges its 

 waters into Lake Ontario, through the Seneca 

 and Oswego rivers. The principal towns on 

 its banks are Cayuga, Ithaca and Aurora. The 

 lake is much frequented by tourists and sports- 

 men, and Ithaca is particularly attractive in 

 the summer on account of the boat races which 

 take place on the waters of the lake, between 

 crews from Cornell University at Ithaca and 

 other colleges and universities. Its southern 

 end extends down to Ithaca's city-limits. 



CECILIA, sesil'yah, SAINT, the patron saint 

 of music, a favorite subject for the songs of 

 poets and the brush of artists. She suffered 

 martyrdom about A.D. 230 and received the 

 martyr's crown. In the Roman Catholic 



Church her festival (November 22) is cele- 

 brated with beautiful music. Her story forms 

 one of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, and Dryden 

 in his Alexander's Feast, and Pope in his Ode 

 on Saint Cecilia's Day have sung her praises. 

 Raphael, Domenichino, Dolce and Mignard 

 have represented her in celebrated paintings. 

 The Church of Saint Cecilia in Rome is one of 

 the most beautiful places of worship. 



CECROPS, se' krops, a character who figures 

 in Greek tradition as the first king of Attica 

 and the builder of the famous citadel of 

 Athens, named Cecropia in his honor. Various 

 stories sprang up about him; he was said to 

 have introduced marriage, the burial of the 

 dead, and writing and other arts. In the myths 

 he is a half-snake, half-man, who came from 

 Crete or from Egypt and founded the city of 

 Athens. When Athena and Poseidon disputed 

 as to which should have the honor of naming 

 the city, Cecrops decided in favor of Athena. 



CEDAR, se'der, an important ornamental 

 and commercial species of cone-bearing ever- 

 green trees belonging to the pine family. They 

 are distinguished by their horizontal, wide- 

 spreading branches and fine, compact leaves. 



THE CEDARS 

 Trees and cones. 



Their reddish wood is fragrant and very dur- 

 able. Chips of cedar are sprinkled among furs 

 and woolens as a protection against moths; 

 sometimes entire chests made of this wood 

 are used for storage of winter garments. The 

 inner bark of red cedar furnished the Indian 

 many useful articles, such as blankets, ropes 

 and the walls of his home. The white cedar 

 is used for boats, telegraph poles, railroad ties, 

 etc. The wood of lead pencils is nearly always 

 cedar. 



Cedars of Lebanon. The stately, strong, 

 beautiful cedar of Lebanon, a favorite with 

 poets and painters and frequently mentioned 

 in the Bible, is now rarely seen. To construct 

 the wonderful Temple of Solomon, King Hiram 



