CELERY 



1216 



CELESTINE 



uated between Borneo and the Moluccas. It 

 is wonderfully rich in natural resources and 

 covers an area of 72,000 square miles, a little 

 more than that of the state of Oklahoma. 

 Gold is found in the valleys, and the northern 

 portion abounds in sulphur and copper, with 

 occasional valuable deposits of tin. Diamonds 

 in small quantities and other precious stones 

 in somewhat greater abundance are 'found, and 

 there are extensive coal fields. The climate 

 is tropical, and for Europeans decidedly un- 

 healthful. 



Flowers and fruits grow in great profusion; 

 cereals and vegetables are cultivated. Coffee 

 and spice are the principal sources of wealth, 

 but the trade in trepang is important (see 

 TREPANG). Wild animals are numerous, includ- 

 ing deer, buffalo, goats, baboons and the pecu- 

 liar babirussa, a wild hog with double tusks 

 growing between the eyes and snout (see illus- 

 tration, in article BABIRUSSA) . The inhabitants, 

 mostly of Malay stock, are intelligent, indus- 

 trious and capable of a fairly-high degree of 

 civilization. In the interior there still remain 

 remnants of barbaric tribes. The capital and 

 most important port is Macassar, through 

 which nearly all the foreign trade passes. The 

 island has been in possession of the Dutch since 

 1660, except for a short period in 1811, when it 

 was held by the British. Population, estimated 

 at about 2,000,000; of these, only 2,500 are 

 whites, in government positions or in trade. 



CELERY, sel'eri, a wholesome vegetable of 

 the parsley family, native to the temperate 

 parts of Europe, but now extensively grown 

 in the United States and Canada. Wild celery 

 is bitter, tough and woody, and to some people 



New York 

 946 



California' 

 3QZ 



Michigan 



lassachusetts 

 369 



Florida 

 4-18 



Ohio 

 331 



figures Represent Thousands of Dollars 



VALUE OF THE ANNUAL, CELERY CROP 

 For average years. 



poisonous, but in its cultivated form it is a 

 crisp, tender, edible stalk, and is eaten either 

 raw or cooked. Rich, mellow, sandy loam is 

 the best for celery raising. 



Merely the raising of celery is not the only 

 important part of the industry. To make it 

 white, crisp, tender and marketable it must 

 be "blanched." It is the etiolation, the scien- 

 tific name for the destruction of the coloring 



Carbohydrates, 3.4 



Protein, I. 



1.0 



FOOD VALUE OF CELERY 



matter in the plant tissue, the "blanching" or 

 "whitening" of the stalks, which means success 

 or failure of a crop. This is done by allowing 

 the plant to grow in the dark. The method 

 adopted depends on the time the crop is 

 to be used. The most common method' of 

 blanching on a small scale, and that which 

 produces celery of the finest flavor, is to heap 

 soil about the stalks. For plants for early 

 shipment blanching boards are often placed 

 on edge along each side of a row of plants. 



In Michigan, California and New York, 

 thousands of acres are devoted to the celery 

 industry. Kalamazoo, Michigan, is known as 

 "the celery city"; almost all of that state's 

 large celery crop is grown in the vicinity and 

 shipped from that city. S.L.A. 



CELESTINE, sel'estin, the name of five 

 Popes, of whom the most noteworthy were 

 Celestine III and Celestine V. 



Celestine III, Pope from 1191 to 1198, came 

 to the high office at the age of eighty-five. 

 While he was a thoroughly conscientious man, 

 he did not possess quite the force of character 

 which the troubled times required. The Em- 

 peror Henry VI immediately forced Celestine 

 to crown him, and was strong enough not only 

 to refuse the Pope the tribute which previous 

 emperors had paid, but to appoint German 

 bishops himself. Celestine excommunicated 

 Leopold of Austria for his imprisonment of 

 Richard the Lion-Heart and attempted to pun- 

 ish John of England for his treason during 

 Richard's absence, but John refused to recog- 

 nize his jurisdiction. 



Celestine V became Pope in July, 1294, at 

 the age of seventy-nine. Previous to that time 

 he had won wide fame by the severity of the 



