CHATHAM 



1284 



CHATTANOOGA 



is navigable for lake boats up to this point. 

 The town was founded in 1812, and was incor- 

 porated as a city in 1895. Population in 1911, 

 10,770; in 1916, 12,863. 



The trade of the city is largely in agricultural 

 products and supplies. There are also numer- 

 ous factories and mills, the leading manufac- 

 tures being motors, well machinery, boilers, 

 wagons and carriages, wheels and axles, woolen 

 goods, flour and beet sugar. Light and power 

 are supplied from Niagara Falls, and for light- 

 ing and heating there is also an abundance of 

 natural gas, piped from the Tilbury oil fields, 

 about fifteen miles southwest. The educational 

 institutions, in addition to the public schools, 

 include a collegiate institute, the Ursuline con- 

 vent school, and the Canada Business College, 

 all three of more than local fame. Harrison 

 Hall contains the city and county offices, but 

 the most conspicuous structure in the city is 

 the government armory erected in 1905 at a 

 cost of $500,000. W.M.F. 



CHATHAM, EARL OF. See PITT, WILLIAM. 



CHATTAHOOCHEE, chat a hoo ' che, a large, 

 muddy river which forms for a considerable 

 distance the boundary between Georgia and 

 Alabama. The name means pictured rocks, 

 and was given it by the Creek Indians because 

 of the vari-colored rocky banks between which 

 it flows. It rises in Northern Georgia, in the 

 Blue Ridge, flows southwest and then south, 

 and after its junction with the Flint River 

 receives the name of Apalachicola. For two- 

 fifths of its entire course of 500 miles it is 

 navigable for large steamboats, and Columbus, 

 Ga., at the head of navigation, receives much 

 of its vast supply of cotton and sends out many 

 of its textiles, cottonseed products and ma- 

 chines over its waters. It also furnishes water 

 power to the city, by reason of its descent of 

 120 feet in three miles. One of the most 

 famous poems of Sidney Lanier is the Song 

 of the Chattahoochee, which sings of the course 

 of the river 



Out of the hills of Habersham, 

 Down the valleys of Hall, 



and on to the place where 



The dry fields burn, and the mills are to turn, 

 And a myriad flowers mortally yearn. 



CHATTANOOGA, chatanoo'ga, TENN., the 

 county seat of Hamilton County, is an impor- 

 tant railroad center and a rapidly-developing 

 industrial city in the southeastern part of the 

 state, near .the Georgia line. The city is 150 

 miles southeast of Nashville and 140 miles 



northwest of Atlanta. It is on the Tennessee 

 River, navigable to this point for eight months 

 of the year, and on the Alabama Great South- 

 ern; the Central of Georgia; the Queen & 

 Crescent; the Nashville, Chattanooga & Saint 

 Louis; the Southern; the Tennessee, Alabama 

 & Georgia, and the Western & Atlantic rail- 

 roads. The rapid increase in population is 

 noted in the census reports; in 1900 it had 

 30,154; in 1910, 44,604; and in 1915, 48,476. 

 The area is six and a half square miles, and 

 close about the city are a dozen populous 

 suburbs. 



Chattanooga is beautifully situated on the 

 south bank of the winding Tennessee River, in 

 a great natural amphitheater surrounded by 

 historic and picturesque hills. The various 

 points of interest are made accessible by boule- 

 vards and electric lines. Southwest of the 

 city is Lookout Mountain, its summit rising 

 2,126 feet above sea level and commanding a 

 magnificent view into seven states. East and 

 south is Missionary Ridge; a short distance 

 southeast in Georgia is the field of Chicka- 

 mauga, now a national military park fifteen 

 square miles in extent. Throughout the 

 grounds monuments and historical tablets have 

 been erected by the various states in honor of 

 their soldier dead. Fort Oglethorpe, a brigade 

 post of several thousand acres, adjoins the 

 park; a regiment of cavalry is stationed here. 

 During the Spanish- American War in 1898 

 Fort Oglethorpe was a mobilization camp; 60- 

 000 soldiers were encamped at one time on the 

 Chickamauga battlefield. Immediately south- 

 east of the city is one of the largest national 

 cemeteries, containing 13,322 graves. Warner, 

 Boynton, Montague, East Lake and Houston 

 parks cover 150 acres. Signal Mountain, north 

 of the city, is a popular pleasure resort. 



Buildings and Institutions. Prominent 

 buildings of the city are the Federal building, 

 erected at a cost of $350,000 ; the city hall, cost- 

 ing $200,000 ; the county courthouse, which cost 

 $500,000; a Carnegie Library, armory, museum, 

 Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. buildings, the 

 Masonic Temple and the Terminal Station. 

 Among a number of noteworthy bank, hotel 

 and church buildings are the Temple Court, 

 James and Hamilton National banks, the Pat- 

 ten hotel and the First Presbyterian church. 



Educational institutions are the University of 

 Chattanooga (Methodist Episcopal), the Chat- 

 tanooga College of Law, Baylor School, McCal- 

 lie School and the Girls' Preparatory School. 

 There are also a number of private schools, a 



