CHATTANOOGA 



1285 



CHATTEL 



musical conservatory, the Baroness Erlanger 

 Hospital, and the Vine Street Orphans' Home. 



Industry. The geographical location of 

 Chattanooga, a natural gateway between the 

 hills, has made the city an important railway 

 center. It is the southern headquarters of the 

 Interstate Commerce Commission. Water 

 commerce consists of cotton, grain, coal, iron 

 ore and manufactured products. Chattanooga 

 is, however, of greatest importance as a manu- 

 facturing center. Power for more than 280 

 industries is furnished by a dam and power 

 plant at Bale's Bar on the Tennessee River, 

 completed in 1913 at a cost of $9,000,000, and 

 several similar projects on the Oconee River. 

 The city has more than $50,000,000 invested in 

 manufactories, 12,000 men are employed, and 

 the value of the annual product exceeds $65,- 

 000,000. Among many large industrial plants 

 are manufactories of iron and steel (more pig 

 iron is smelted here than in any other Southern 

 city), textiles, wood-working products, leather 

 goods, tanning extracts, fertilizers, machinery, 

 stoves, medicines, bricks a"nd tiles. 



History. In the early days, river voyagers 

 landed here to avoid the rapids of the Tennes- 

 see River, and the locality, settled about 1835, 

 was known as Ross's Landing. Ross was the 

 name of a Cherokee chief whose people were 

 moved West by the government in 1838. In 

 1851 the town was incorporated as Chatta- 

 nooga and became a city in 1866. During the 

 War of Secession it was one of the most im- 

 portant strategic points in the Confederacy and 

 the struggle for its possession led to some of 

 the severest battles of the war (see CHICKA- 

 MAUGA, BATTLE OF). In the course of the fight- 

 ing the city was almost destroyed. Imme- 

 diately succeeding the war the manufacturing 

 of iron was begun, to restore the ruined rail- 

 roads; a long period of development and pros- 

 perity followed, and the city has become one 

 of the important industrial centers of the 

 South. In 1911 the commission form of gov- 

 ernment was adopted. H.F.W. 



CHATTANOOGA, BATTLE OF, a decisive bat- 

 tle of the War of Secession, . which in reality 

 consisted of three engagements, all fought in 

 the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tenn., on Novem- 

 ber 23 to 25, 1863. General Bragg, with a Con- 

 federate army of 40,000, had defeated the Fed- 

 erals at Chickamauga, and had then encamped 

 before Chattanooga, his lines extending from 

 Lookout Mountain along Missionary Ridge for 

 about twelve miles. The Federal General 

 Rosecrans had been succeeded by Thomas, and 



Grant had just been placed in supreme com- 

 mand of the army of 60,000 in that region. A 

 campaign all along the line was mapped out; 

 Sherman was instructed to attack the Confed- 



MAP OF BATTLEFIELD 



erates on the extreme right and to advance 

 along Missionary Ridge toward their center; 

 Thomas was to attack in the center, and 

 Hooker was to strike at their extreme left and 

 drive them from Lookout Mountain. 



Thomas, on the twenty-third, met with the 

 first success, driving back Bragg's advance 

 guards, and on the next day Sherman was 

 successful until stopped by a strongly fortified 

 gap in the mountain ridge. The most famous 

 part of the engagement, however, was Hooker's 

 attack on Lookout Mountain the "Battle 

 above the Clouds" by which the Confederates 

 were dislodged from their position there. On 

 the morning of the twenty-fifth Thomas's 

 troops, ordered to make an attack on the Con- 

 federate center, exceeded their commands by 

 rushing up Missionary Ridge under constant 

 and heavy fire and driving the Confederatea 

 in confusion from the summit. This remark- 

 able and spectacular feat ended the battle. 

 The Confederates lost in killed and wounded 

 6,687, the Federals, 5,815. 



CHATTEL, chat" I, a term closely akin to 

 the word capital, used in law to mean almost 

 the same thing as the phrase personal prop- 

 erty (which see). There is, however, a slight 

 difference technically, chattels being only such 

 personal property as can be physically deliv- 

 ered. Thus money in the hand is a chattel, 

 but a claim for money due is not. 



