CHESS 



1304 



CHESS 



in a straight line either forward, backward or 

 sidewise, but not diagonally. 



The bishop moves any distance either back- 

 ward or forward, but only diagonally. It must 

 be noted that a bishop always moves on 

 squares of the same color. 



The queen is the most powerful piece on the 

 board; she can move any distance in any 

 straight line, either forward, backward, side- 

 wise or diagonally, as far as her path is clear. 

 It is of course understood that one of her own 

 men stops her progress, but she may capture 

 an opponent exposed to direct approach. 



The king is at once the weakest and most 

 valuable piece on the board. As regards di- 

 rection, he is as free as the queen, but for dis- 

 tance he is limited to one square at a time. 

 Standing on any central square, he commands 

 the eight squares around him, and no more. 



Castling. Besides his ordinary move the 

 king has another, by special privilege, in which 

 the castle participates. Once in the game, if 

 the squares between king and castlfe are clear, 

 if neither king nor castle has been moved, if 

 the king has not been attacked by any hostile 

 man and if no hostile man has commanded 

 the square over which the king has to pass, 

 the king's or queen's castle can be placed next 

 to the king and the king can be moved over 



THE MOVES OF THE KNIGHT 

 The dotted lines show possible direction and 

 distance in any one move ; the dot shows where 

 any of these moves will place him. 



the castle to the adjoining square. This move 

 is called castling. 



The knight, unlike the other pieces, has a 

 peculiar move. He moves over two squares 

 at a time, one of which is diagonal and the 



other is straight. He may move in any di- 

 rection and he can leap around any man occu- 

 pying a square intermediate to that to which 

 he intends to go. The knight always moves 

 to a square of a different color. The knight, 

 like the king, when on a central square on the 

 board, commands eight squares, which are at 

 two squares' distance, as shown in the third 

 illustration. 



The Value of the Pieces. If the pawn is 

 taken as the standard of unity the relative 

 value of the pieces is as follows: pawn, 1; 

 bishop or knight, 3; rook, 5; queen, 9. The 

 knight or the bishop is usually known* as a 

 "minor piece." The value of the pieces also 

 depends upon the state of the game. Thus, at 

 the end of the game a pawn is much more 

 valuable than at the beginning, and a knight 

 is generally stronger than a bishop; on the 

 other hand, two bishops at the end are mere 

 valuable than two knights. 



Check and Checkmate. The definite aim in 

 chess is to force the surrender of the opposing 

 king. The king in chess cannot be taken; he 

 can only be in such a position that if it were 

 any other piece he would be taken. When a 

 piece or pawn attacks him, he is said to be 

 in check; that is, he is in such a position that 

 the next opposing move would capture him, 

 and the opponent is bound to give notice by 

 saying "check." When the king is in check 

 all other plans must be abandoned and all 

 other men sacrificed, if necessary, to save him 

 from that situation. This is done either by 

 removing him to an adjacent square not com- 

 manded by any man of the adversary, or by 

 interposing one of his own men, and so screen- 

 ing him from check, or by capturing the at- 

 tacking man. When the king can no longer be 

 defended on being checked by the adversary, 

 he is checkmated, and the game is over. 



When neither of the players is able to check- 

 mate the other, the result is a drawn game. 

 When the player having the superior force, by 

 oversight or want of skill blocks his oppo- 

 nent's king so that he cannot move without 

 going into check and none of his other men 

 can be moved, such a situation is known as 

 stalemate, and the game is considered a draw. 



Notation. The rows of squares running 

 straight up and down the board are called 

 files; those running from side to side are called 

 lines. Each of the sixty-four squares of the 

 chess board has a name and two numbers, as 

 is shown in the second illustration. Each 

 square is named after the piece which occupies 



