CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL 



1318 



CHICKAMAUGA 



of the institution are over $31,000,000; the 

 faculty numbers about 400, and the total regis- 

 tration averages over 6,000. It must be borne 

 in mind, however, that perhaps a third of this 

 number are in attendance for the summer 

 quarter only. 



Late in 1916 plans were announced whereby 

 the university would in the future possess the 

 greatest medical department in America. A 

 fund of $15,000,000 is to be available for the 

 purpose. Rush Medical College, long affiliated 

 with the university, and the Presbyterian Hos- 

 pital, on Chicago's West Side, will be the 

 nucleus of a great post-graduate department, 

 while the undergraduate school will be built 

 along the Midway on land already owned by 

 the university. 



CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL, officially 

 known as the CHICAGO SANITARY AND SHIP 

 CANAL, is a great sanitary project to provide 

 pure water for the millions of that city. Ages 

 ago the Great Lakes found an outlet to the 

 ocean by way of the Illinois and Mississippi 

 rivers, and the channel through which this 

 great stream flowed forms the valley of the 

 Illinois River. When Chicago discovered that 

 it must protect Lake Michigan from the in- 

 sanitary effect of its sewage, the city engineers 

 turned their attention to the water course of 

 the past ages. A brief examination showed 

 that a canal connecting the lake with the 

 Desplaines River could be constructed without 

 engineering difficulty. The necessary legislation 

 was obtained and the great channel, commonly 

 known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, was 

 begun September 3, 1892, and completed in 

 January, 1900, at a cost of about $50,000,000. 



The canal proper is twenty-eight miles long, 

 and varies in width in different sections from 

 110 feet at the bottom and 198 feet at the water 

 line in the narrowest section to 202 feet and 

 290 feet in the widest section. The sections cut 

 through rock have a width of 160 feet at the 

 bottom and 162 feet at the top. The depth 

 of the cut varies from thirty to thirty-six feet; 

 the depth of water is never less than twenty- 

 two feet, and is usually about twenty-four feet 

 six inches. By means of the controlling works 

 at Lockport, twenty-nine miles inland, con- 

 sisting of flood gates and a beartrap dam, the 

 depth and flow of water are easily regulated. 

 Ordinarily the flow is about 300,000 cubic feet 

 per minute, but the full capacity of the canal 

 is 600,000 cubic feet per minute. 



The Chicago Drainage Canal is one of the 

 greatest engineering works in the world. It 



has changed the course of the Chicago River 

 and made it an outlet of Lake Michigan, when 

 formerly it flowed into the lake; it is the only 

 river in the world whose flow is away from its 

 mouth. In connection with the construction 

 of the canal the entire sewage system of Chi- 

 cago had to be changed. Formerly all sewers 

 emptied into the lake; now they empty into 

 the canal, and the water supply of the city 

 has been saved from pollution. In the near 

 future the canal will doubtless form a link in 

 a deep waterway between the Great Lakes and 

 the Gulf of Mexico. See CANAL. W.F.R. 



CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL., a manufacturing 

 suburb of Chicago, distant twenty-seven miles 

 south from the center of the city. It is at 

 the southernmost boundary of Cook County, 

 and occupies the highest land within the county 

 lines. The Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the 

 Michigan Central and the Elgin, Joliet & 

 Eastern railroads serve it, and it is connected 

 with Chicago and neighboring towns by elec- 

 tric railway. During the first decade of the 

 nineteenth century its population almost 

 trebled, for while it had in 1900 but 5,100 

 inhabitants, the number had grown by 1910 to 

 14,525. Its manufacturing plants, which in- 

 clude factories for the making of chemicals, 

 iron and steel products, glass, pianos, auto- 

 mobiles, brick, clothing and many other arti- 

 cles, are grouped on the east side of the city, 

 where are to be found, also, the homes of 

 most of the factory workers. The munici- 

 pality owns the water works. Settled in 1835, 

 the town had a slow growth, and not until 

 1900 was it chartered as a city. 



CHICKADEE, chik'adee. See TITMOUSE. 



CHICKAHOMINY, chick a horn' i ni, a small 

 river in Southeastern Virginia, about ninety 

 miles long, famed for the numerous battles that 

 were fought on or near its banks during the 

 War of Secession. The Chickahominy rises 

 sixteen miles northwest of Richmond and flows 

 in a southeasterly direction, entering the James 

 River about twenty-two miles below the 

 village of City Point. During a part of its 

 course it flows through a wooded swamp that 

 in the wet season becomes almost impassable. 

 The river was therefore an important mili- 

 tary barrier. On or near it were fought, in 

 1862, the battles of Fair Oaks, Mechanicsville, 

 Gaines's Mill (or Cold Harbor), Savage's Sta- 

 tion, Frazier's Farm and Malvern Hill; and in 

 1864, the second Battle of Cold Harbor. 



CHICKAMAUGA, chikamaw'ga, BATTLE OF, 

 one of the most desperate engagements of the 



