CHICKASAW 



1319 



CHICKEN POX 



War of Secession, in which the generalship of 

 General Thomas saved the Union army from 

 total rout, and won for him his title, "The 

 Rock of Chickamauga." The battle was fought 

 near Chickamauga Creek, in Georgia, on Sep- 

 tember 19 and 20, 1863, between a Federal 

 force of 55,000, commanded by General Rose- 

 crans, and a Confederate army of 70,000, under 

 General Braxton Bragg. The Confederate gen- 

 eral had led his troops in pretended retreat 

 southward from Chattanooga, with Rosecrans 

 following. The latter, however, perceiving that 

 the retreat was only a pretense, drew up his 

 forces in battle line, and by sending Thomas 

 to the extreme left prevented Bragg from 

 shutting off the Union army from Chattanooga. 



The battle began on the morning of Septem- 

 ber 19, and continued throughout the day 

 without decisive results. On the second day, 

 by reason of a misunderstanding of orders 

 issued by Rosecrans, a division was withdrawn 

 from the Union right, and through the gap in 

 the battle line Longstreet charged with his 

 Confederate troops, driving the Federal right 

 and center back towards Chattanooga in great 

 disorder. Thomas, commanding the left, then 

 had to face an attack from the entire Con- 

 federate army, and he held his ground through- 

 out the day without flinching, retiring that 

 night only when ordered to do so by Rosecrans. 

 The Federal loss was over 16,000; the Con- 

 federate, about 17,800. 



Chickamauga National Military Park. The 

 National Military Park on the site of the 

 Battle of Chickamauga covers an area of fifteen 

 square miles. It was dedicated on September 

 19-21, 1895, and was the first battlefield to be 

 completely set apart to commemorate the en- 

 gagement fought within its boundaries. In 

 order that visitors may clearly understand the 

 movements and positions of the armies, monu- 

 ments and other historical guide marks have 

 been erected at various points on the field, 

 and there are also several lofty observation 

 towers. 



CHICK 'AS AW, an important tribe of Mus- 

 khogean Indians who formerly lived in the 

 northern part of Mississippi and the western 

 part of Tennessee. They were closely related 

 to the Choctaw. These Indians were discov- 

 ered by Fernando De Soto in 1540. When he 

 attempted to make some of them work for him 

 he was attacked by them and lost several men. 

 The Chickasaw were a powerful and warlike 

 tribe and almost constantly at war with other 

 tribes. They were opposed to the French, and 



favored the English in the struggles of those 

 nations for possession of territory in America. 



The Chickasaw were always friendly to the 

 United States. As civilization advanced they 

 began to remove westward, and in 1834 sold all 

 their remaining land east of the Mississippi 

 and removed to the western part of Indian 

 Territory, where they bought land of the Choc- 

 taw, and became the Chickasaw Nation. They 

 are now citizens of the United States and of 

 Oklahoma, civilized and prosperous. See FIVE 

 CIVILIZED TRIBES. For customs and habits, see 

 INDIANS, AMERICAN. 



CHICKASHA, chik'ashaw, OKLA., a ship- 

 ping point of importance in its territory. It 

 is the county seat of Grady County, and is 

 situated southwest of the geographical center 

 of the state, on the Washita River. Oklahoma 

 City is forty-one miles northeast. The Atchi- 

 son, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Chicago, Rock 

 Island & Pacific and the Frisco railroads serve 

 the city. In 1895 the first settlement waa made, 

 and the city was incorporated in 1897; it was 

 named for the Chickasaw tribe of Indians. 

 There was an increase in population from 

 10,320 in 1910 to 13373 in 1914. The area 

 exceeds three square miles. 



Chickasha is located in the fertile valley of 

 the Washita River, which produces an abun- 

 dance of Indian corn, cotton, vegetables and 

 fruits. Stock raising and cotton growing are 

 the leading industries; the stock-feeding pens 

 here are among the largest in the United States, 

 and the city is one of the greatest shipping 

 points in the state for hogs and cattle. Cot- 

 tonseed oil mills and railway machine-shop* 

 are the largest employers of labor. Chickasha 

 has a $175,000 Federal building, a $100,000 bank 

 building and a fine theater. Besides its pub- 

 lic schools it has the State Industrial School, 

 Saint Joseph's Academy, Oklahoma College, 

 for women, and a Carnegie Library- AJt. 



CHICKEN POX, a contagious disease com- 

 mon among children, characterized by an erup- 

 tion somewhat like that of smallpox. The two 

 diseases, however, are otherwise very different; 

 chicken pox is rarely dangerous, and smallpox 

 vaccination is not effective in preventing it. 

 Fever is usually present twenty-four hour* 

 before the appearance of the eruption, and 

 there may be vomiting, restlessness and slight 

 pains in the legs and back. 



Red pimples break out first upon the face, 

 scalp and neck, later upon the limbs and back. 

 They come in "crops," new blotches appearing 

 while the older ones an maturing. In from 



