CHILLIWACK 



1339 



CHIMNEY 



est earthworks, in size and number, of the 

 mound builders. J.C.A. 



CHILLIWACK, B. C., a city in British Co- 

 lumbia, on the south bank of the Fraser River, 

 seventy miles east of Vancouver and twenty 

 miles north of the United States boundary. It 

 is on the Canadian Northern Railway and is 

 the terminus of the British Columbia Electric 

 Railway from Vancouver, the longest electric 

 road in Canada. Chilli wack also has connec- 

 tion by ferry with the Canadian Pacific Rail- 

 way at Harrison Mills, across the river. The 

 Fraser is navigable, and steamers run 

 daily to and from New Westminster, at its 

 mouth. Chilliwack and its vicinity are noted 

 for the beauty of the mountain scenery and 

 for the variety of the fruit crops. The city has 

 a number of manufacturing establishments 

 which indicate the principal products of the 

 neighborhood; they are lumber, planing and 

 shingle mills, a sash and door factory, a fruit 

 cannery, a milk-condensing factory and two 

 creameries with a combined output of 500,000 

 pounds of butter a year. Population in 1911, 

 1,657; in 1916, about 2,000. P.J.B. 



CHILLON, shillon' or sheyoN', a castle- 

 fortress on a rock at the east end of Lake 

 Geneva, Switzerland, reached from the main- 

 land by a bridge. It has acquired interest 

 from Byron's poem, The Prisoner of Chilian, 



THE CASTLE OF CHILLON 



which tells the story of Francis Bonnivard, 

 prior of Saint Victor and Genevan patriot, who 

 was cast into an underground dungeon of the 

 Castle by the counts of Savoy. From 1530 to 

 1536 he suffered there in the cause of religion. 

 The tale is not strictly historical. 



CHIMAERA, kime'ra, in the stones of 

 Homer, a fire-breathing female monster with 

 the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the 

 tail of a serpent, that long laid waste the land 

 of Lycia and Caria. The hero, Bellerophon, 

 commissioned by the Lycian king, lobates, to 

 destroy this creature, procured with the help 



of Minerva the winged steed Pegasus, and 

 speeding through the air, found the Chimaera 

 and killed her. 



The word chimerical, derived from Chimaera, 

 has come to be applied to any idea or plan 

 that is wild or fantastic. 



CHIMBORAZO, chim bo rah ' zo, an imposing 

 mountain of the Andes, located in Ecuador, 

 about 120 miles from the Pacific coast. Viewed 

 from the shore it is a magnificent sight, rising 

 20,703 feet above the level of the sea, and 

 perpetually snow-covered from the summit 

 down a half mile. It is an extinct volcano, but 

 has no crater. For a long time Chimborazo 

 was thought to be the loftiest mountain in the 

 world, but there are eight higher in South 

 America; Aconcagua rises 23,080 feet above 

 sea level. Many attempted to reach Chimbo- 

 razo's snow-capped peak, called Silver Bell, 

 before the first successful ascent was made in 

 1880. 



CHIMNEY, chim'ni. A hollow tree was the 

 first chimney of our unlettered forefathers. 

 Accidentally set on fire, this tree illustrated 

 the principle upon which all chimneys have 

 been constructed. It showed that warm air, 

 being lighter than cold air, tends to rise. When 

 this warm air is confined within an enclosure 

 open at the top and bottom a strong upward 

 current fills the space. As the warm air rises 

 the cold air rushes in through the opening at 

 the bottom of the shaft, and in this way a 

 draft is created which supplies the fire at the 

 foot of the chimney with the oxygen it needs 

 to support combustion. 



Simple chimneys are constructed of logs and 

 mortar, or of stones and mortar, such as those 

 built for log cabins; of brick, also of cement 

 and of iron pipes made for the purpose. Since 

 a long column of hot air produces a stronger 

 current than a short one, the tallest chimneys, 

 other things being equal, produce the strong- 

 est draft. Tall chimneys are larger at the base 

 than at the top. This is to make the structure 

 stable and to increase the draft by contract- 

 ing the flue at the top. At the bottom the 

 chimney is usually connected with the fire by 

 a flue. A fireplace, however, is practically an 

 enlarged part of the chimney. 



The size and height of a chimney depend 

 upon the size of the furnace. For larger fur- 

 naces there is greater danger of making the 

 flue too small than too large. The stacks or 

 chimneys of the largest steamships like the 

 Mauritania and the Imperator are so large that 

 two railway trains could run through them 



