CHINA 



1353 



CHINA PAINTING 



equal number of white men for the fighting 

 fronts. 



Under persuasion and threats from Japan to 

 withdraw from the peace conference in 1919, the 

 treaty of peace gave to Japan occupation and 

 virtual ownership of the Shantung peninsula of 

 China, where live 40,000,000 Chinamen. This 

 section had for a number of years been domi- 

 nated by Germany. Chinese envoys at the 

 Versailles peace table refused to sign the treaty 

 containing that provision, but the conference re- 

 tained it. The United States Senate announced 

 its determination to protect China, and declared 

 its intention to revise the treaty in that and 

 certain other respects before voting confirma- 

 tion. See WAR OF THE NATIONS. Y.T.T. 



Other Items of Interest. It took fifty years 

 of effort on the part of all the missionaries in 

 China to win the first thousand converts, but 

 in 1916 it was not an unknown thing for that 

 many "seekers" to be enrolled in a single night 

 in one city. 



When a man speaks of his wife he usually 

 applies to her some such title as "the thorn 

 in my flesh," and his children he calls ''insects," 

 but this latter term implies no such insult as 

 the former. 



In most of the cities where there is a large 

 population of English, there is in use a curious 

 mixed speech known as "pidgin-English." The 

 term pidgin is a corruption of business, for the 

 language grew out of the attempt of merchants 

 and customers to understand each other. Such 

 expressions as chow for food; chop chop for 

 be lively; makee for all right, and piecee for 

 article are examples of pidgin-English. 



The bound feet of the Chinese women, which 

 to foreigners seem a most cruel deformity, are 

 called in the native tongue "the golden lilies." 



Consult Ross's The Changing Chinese; Selby's 

 The Chinaman at Home; Koo's The Status of 

 Aliens in China; Mahan's The Problem of Asia. 



Related Subjects."^ The following classified 

 list will simplify reference to articles in these 

 volumes which relate to China : 



Bamboo 



Coal 



Cotton 



Indigo 



Iron 



Kaolin 



Mulberry 



Altai 



Manchuria 

 Mongolia 



Buddhism 



Christianity 



Confucianism 



Amur 



Hoang-ho 



Mekong 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Opium 



Poppy 



Rice 



Silk 



Sugar Cane 



Tea 



Tobacco 



MOUNTAINS 



Himalaya 



POLITICAL DIVISIONS 



Tibet 

 Turkestan 



RELIGIONS 



Mohammedanism 

 Taoism 



RIVERS 



Si-kiang 

 Yalu * 

 Yang-tse-kiang 



Hong-kong 



CHINA PAINTING. The fascinating art of 

 decorating china is a handicraft that makes its 

 appeal not only to amateurs who take it up 

 as a pleasant and interesting pastime, but like- 

 wise to those professionals who must make 

 their time and talents bring them actual money 

 returns. In recent years its popularity has 

 been steadily increasing. This development, 

 has been due in part to the great advance 

 made in materials and firing facilities, and in 

 part to the present vogue for the conventional 

 in design, which has made it possible for very 

 acceptable work to be done even by those 

 unskilled in freehand drawing. 



Special Paints for China. The pigments 

 used in china painting are called mineral 

 paints, because their bases are metals; and they 

 are said to be verifiable, which means that 

 in the intense heat of the kiln they will fuse 

 that is, attach themselves to the glaze of 

 the china and thus become an inseparable 

 part of it. They come both in powdered form, 

 contained in small bottles, and as a prepared 

 paint put up in collapsible tubes. The latter 

 are more convenient, since they need only to 

 be diluted with spirits of turpentine as used; 

 but as they tend to grow hard in the tube, they 

 are not so economical as the powdered paints, 

 which are good indefinitely. On the other 

 hand, experience is required to prepare the 

 powdered colors properly, for too much oil not 

 only attracts the dust that is everywhere in the 

 air, but may cause blistering and "bubbling" 

 when the china undergoes the kiln test. 



Before applying the paint to the china the 

 brush is dipped lightly into what is called the 

 medium, in order that the color may be 



