CILIA 



1379 



CINCHONA 



Eliminative baths, preferably the Turkish 

 bath, will assist in rapidly getting rid of the 

 stored-up nicotine. 



As a rule, it takes from three to six weeks 

 to eliminate entirely the desire for tobacco. The 

 time required depends upon how closely the 

 directions are followed. Still more complete di- 

 rections for dealing with the habit may be se- 

 cured by addressing the Anti-Cigarette League 

 of America, Chicago, 111. See ANTI-CIGARETTE 

 LEAGUE. 



The makers of cigarettes in the United States 

 are obliged to pay an internal revenue tax to 

 the government, varying from fifty-four cents 

 to $3 per thousand. In Canada the tax, there 

 called an excise tax. ranges from $2.40 to $7.00 

 per 1,000 cigarettes, according to the size. 



CILIA, sil'ea. If we could examine with a 

 microscope the small air passages in our lungs 

 when they are in action, we would see that the 

 inner surface is covered with tiny hairlike 

 bodies that are constantly in motion, and that 

 their movement resembles that of a field of 

 grain when the wind blows upon it. These 

 tiny bodies are cilia, and in the air passages 

 they cause a continuous current of air to flow 

 in the same direction. Cilia are found in the 

 nasal passages, except where the olfactory 

 nerve is distributed, in the internal ear, in the 

 larynx, on the palate and in all the small air 

 passages in the lungs. See BRONCHITIS; LUNGS. 



CIMBRI, sim'bri, a warlike people of the 

 Teutonic race, who, with the Teutons, formed 

 the vanguard of the great German migration 

 that so profoundly affected Roman history. In 

 the year 113 B. c. the Cimbri began a southward 

 movement through the forests of Germany, 

 meeting a Roman army near Noreia, in modern 

 Carinthia, and winning there a great victory. 

 After several years of wandering, during which 

 they defeated two Roman armies, they ap- 

 peared in Gaul, and were joined there by the 

 tribe of Teutons. This great host then began 

 a southward movement toward Italy, dividing 

 into two sections. The Cimbri planned to cross 

 the Eastern Alps and to join the Teutons in 

 the Po valley; the latter were to make their 

 way through the Western Alps. 



The Romans, terrified at the danger which 

 threatened their city, had placed their great 

 general Marius at the head of their legions 

 to check the invading hordes of barbarians. 

 Marius hurried to Southern Gaul, where he 

 totally routed the Teutons at Aquae Sextiae 

 (Aix), in 102 B.C. He then recrossed the Alps 

 to intercept the Cimbri, who were pouring into 

 Northeastern Italy, and in a terrible battle 

 near Vercelli* (101 B.C.) annihilated them. 



Over 100,000 were slain, and 60,000 were taken 

 captive and sold as slaves. In the words of the 

 historian Mommsen, "The forlorn hope of the 

 German migration had performed its duty; 

 the homeless people of the Cimbri and their 

 comrades were no more." See MARIUS, CAIUS. 



CIMON, si' mon ( ? -449 B.C.), a famous 

 general and statesman of ancient Athens, the 

 son of Miltiades, hero of the Battle of Mara- 

 thon. He distinguished himself at the great 

 naval battle at Salamis (480 B.C.), during the 

 second invasion of the Persians, and rose to 

 the chief command of the Athenian fleet. In 

 466 B. c., at the mouth of Jhe River Eurym- 

 edon, he defeated the Persians both on land 

 and on sea, destroying 200 of their fleet of 

 350 vessels. Cimon soon became the most 

 influential man in Athens, but his policy of 

 seeking the friendship of Sparta aroused the 

 opposition of the democratic party, led by 

 Pericles, and in 461 B. c. he was ostracized. 

 After his recall from exile he again led the 

 Athenian fleets against the Persians, and died 

 while besieging the Persian garrison of Citium 

 in Cyprus. See OSTRACISM. 



CINCHONA, or CHINCHONA, sinko'na, an 

 important tree, shrub or plant, from the bark 

 of which the valuable quinine and cinchona are 

 obtained. These trees, or plants, are all ever- 

 green, with simple, opposite leaves, and white, 

 rose-colored or purplish, fragrant, lilac-like 

 flowers. The bark is taken off in strips, longi- 



CINCHONA 



Appearance of tree, or plant ; leaves ; blos- 

 soms, and detail of blossom. 



tudinally. At one time the cinchona trees 

 were cut down to obtain the bark, but less 

 wasteful methods are now used to obtain an 

 increased yield. Cinchona plants have been 

 taken from Peru, their native home, and they 



