CINCINNATI 



1380 



CINCINNATI 



are now grown in large plantations in Ceylon, 

 India, Java and other tropical countries, where 

 their cultivation has been encouraged by 

 the British and Dutch governments. The 

 Countess del Chinchon, wife of the viceroy 

 of Peru, was cured of an obstinate inter- 

 mittent fever by the use of this Peruvian 



bark; so her name was given to it. Later 

 the Jesuits spread its use, so it is often called 

 Jesuits' bark. About 4,000,000 pounds of 

 cinchona bark are imported each year by 

 American druggists. A number of substi- 

 tutes and adulterants are placed on the 

 market. See QUININE; PERUVIAN BARK. 



CINCINNATI 



c 



.dcMicKen Hall, 

 University of Cincinnati 



INCINNATI, sinsinat'i, OHIO, one 

 of the great commercial and manufacturing 

 cities of the United States, in population rank- 

 ing second in its state (after Cleveland), and 

 thirteenth in the Union. It is the county seat 

 of Hamilton County, and is in the southwest 

 corner of the state on the Ohio River, eighty 

 miles northeast of Louisville, 120 miles south- 

 west of Columbus, the capital, and 300 miles 

 southeast of Chicago, by rail. Louisville is 

 138 miles distant by water. Germans form the 

 greater part of the city's foreign element, 

 which is twenty-one per cent of the total 

 population; in 1916 the inhabitants numbered 

 410,476, an increase of 46,885 since 1910. The 

 area exceeds sixty-eight and one-half square 

 miles. 



Cincinnati is one of the important commer- 

 cial gateways of the country, having the serv- 

 ice of the following transportation lines: the 

 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & Saint Louis; 

 Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern; Chesapeake 

 & Ohio; Queen & Crescent; Louisville & Nash- 

 ville; Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton; Cin- 

 cinnati, Lebanon & Northern; Cincinnati, In- 

 dianapolis & Western; Erie; Norfolk & West- 

 ern; Cincinnati, Georgetown & Portsmouth; 

 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & Saint Louis; 

 and the Cincinnati Southern. The last named 

 is 335 miles long, was built and is owned by the 

 city, and is operated under lease by the Queen 

 & Crescent Route. Besides the service of these 

 roads the city has nine interurban railways. 

 Since the advent of railroads river transporta- 

 tion has declined; the latter is used now only 

 for heavy freight like coal, lumber and iron. 



Location. Cincinnati is built on the north 

 bank of the river, which here sweeps in a wide 



curve to the south, and it is surrounded by 

 a semicircle of hills. From the river the city 

 rises in two great terraces, the lower one about 

 sixty-five feet above low water, and containing 

 the wholesale and manufacturing houses, and 

 the second one from 50 to 100 feet higher, 

 reserved for the closely-built business section. 

 The thickly-wooded crests of Mount Lookout, 

 Mount Adams, Mount Auburn and Fairview 

 Heights, from 150 to 300 feet higher yet, afford 

 a magnificent view of the river and undulating 

 country and lend a picturesque aspect to the 

 city, providing a residence section comparable 

 with that of any other city in the United 

 States. The districts of Clifton, Rose Hill, 

 Vernonville, East Walnut Hill and Avondale, 

 with their fine avenues, lawns, gardens and 

 residences, are especially attractive. These hill- 

 tops are reached by roads and inclined-plane 

 cable railways. 



Clustered about the city are a number of 

 suburbs, Norwood, Walnut Hills, Ludlow, Mill- 

 dale, Bellevue, Linwood, Elmwood and others, 

 and across the river in Kentucky are Dayton, 

 Covington, Newport and Latonia, with its 

 noted race track all cities of considerable size 

 in themselves, and easily reached by interurban 

 and street railways. "Over the Rhine," a sec- 

 tion lying north and east of the canal which 

 crosses the terrace at the base of the suburban 

 hills, is largely occupied by Germans. The 

 river is spanned by five bridges, one exclusively 

 for railway traffic, two for highway and two 

 for both. The large wire suspension bridge, 

 with a span of 1,057 feet, is said to be the 

 first bridge of its kind built in the United 

 States (1863); the Cincinnati Southern bridge 

 has one pf the largest truss spans in the world. 



