CITY 



1393 



CITY 



by the fact that Brookline, Mass., for example, 

 though it has 33,000 people, is still a village. 

 On the other hand, Harrison, Mich., with 543 

 people in 1910, is a city with three wards. 



Officers. Under the usual form of city gov- 

 ernment the chief executive officer is the 

 mayor. Other officers are a city clerk, treasurer 

 and assessor, all elected. The city council, 

 which is the legislative body, is usually com- 



1800 1620 1840 I860 I860 1900 



United States Canada 



FROM FARM TO CITY 



The above chart shows the percentage of peo- 

 ple living in communities of 8,000 inhabitants 

 or over. Canada is following the United States 

 in changing from a nation of farmers to one of 

 city dwellers. 



posed of a single chamber, consisting of two 

 aldermen from each of the wards into which 

 the city is divided. With the approval of the 

 council the mayor appoints the heads of 

 various executive departments, including the 

 chief of police, the fire marshal, the superin- 

 tendent of public works and the board of edu- 

 cation. A system of city courts is operated 

 by elected judges. Since the beginning of the 

 twentieth century several types of city govern- 

 ment have been developed which somewhat 

 resemble village government. Among these 

 are the city manager plan and the commission 

 form of government, both of which are de- 

 scribed in these volumes. 



The accompanying outline considers the city 

 in all its phases its geography, its govern- 

 ment and its history. It may be necessaiy to 

 make occasional changes to meet local condi- 

 tions, but in the main it will answer all needs. 

 Fifty Largest Cities of the World. Even in 

 ancient times very large cities were numerous. 

 Thebes, Memphis, Babylon, Nineveh, Car- 

 thage, Athens, Rome all were great cities as 

 well as empires. Bagdad, Damascus and Cairo 

 were flourishing cities in the Middle Ages, and 

 by 1500 there were in Europe at least half a 

 dozen cities with a population of over 100,000. 

 Then as now there was a tendency for people 

 to congregate in the capitals. In the following 

 table of the largest cities in the world to-day, 

 twenty-seven, or two more than one-half, are 

 state, provincial or national capitals. 



10. 

 11. 



12. 



13. 

 14. 

 15. 

 16. 



17. 

 18. 

 19. 

 20. 

 21. 

 22. 

 23. 



FIFTY LARGEST CITIES OF THE WORLD 



Latest Official Figures or Estimates 

 London, 7,252,963 24. Liverpool, 746,421 

 New York, 5,602,841 25. Boston, 756,476 



Paris, 2,888,110 

 Chicago, 2,497,722 

 Berlin, 2,071,257 

 Tokio, 2,033,321 

 Vienna, 2,031,498 

 Petrograd, 2,019,- 



000 

 Philadelphia, 1,709,- 



518 



Moscow, 1,618,000 

 Buenos Aires, 1,- 



560,163 

 Constantinople, 1,- 



300,000 



Warsaw, 1,250.000 

 Osaka, 1,226,590 

 Calcutta, 1,222,313 

 Rio de Janeiro, 1,- 



128,637 



Bombay, 979,445 

 Canton, 900,000 

 Budapest, 880,371 

 Hankow, 826,000 

 Tien-tsin, 800,000 

 Glasgow, 784,496 

 Saint Louis, 757,309 



26. Sydney, 725,400 



27. Manchester, 714,333 



28. Naples, 691,982 



29. Peking, 690,000 



30. Cleveland, 674,073 



31. Brussels, 663,647 



32. Cairo, Egypt, 654,- 



476 



33. Shanghai, 651,000 



34. Melbourne, 65.1,000 



35. Milan, 645,366 



36. Bangkok, 628,675 



37. Fu-chow, 624,000 



38. Odessa, 620,155 



39. Madrid, 599,807 



40. Chung-king, 598,000 



41. Munich, 596,467 



42. Amsterdam, 595,258 



43. Hang-chow, 594,000 



44. Algiers, 590,000 



45. Leipzig, 589,850 



46. Baltimore, 589,621 



47. Barcelona, 587,411 



48. Pittsburgh, 579,090 



49. Rome, 576,435 



50. Copenhagen, 559,398 



Fifty Largest Cities in the United States. 

 In the United States, contrary to the general 

 rule in Europe and other parts of the world, 

 the largest cities are rarely capitals. In Europe 

 the cities often became largest because they 

 were capitals. In the United States, on the 

 other hand, the state capitals are usually cen- 

 trally located in the state, whereas the location 

 of the largest cities is determined by advan- 

 tages of position with regard to commerce and 

 industry. In the following table one city, 

 Washington, D. C., is the national capital and 

 nine are state capitals. 



FIFTY LARGEST CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES 



Official Estimates of Population for 1916 



Washington, D. C., 



363,980 

 Minneapolis, 363,454 



19. Seattle, 348,639 



20. Jersey City, 306,345 



21. Kansas City, 297,- 



847 



22. Portland, Ore., 



295,463 



23. Indianapolis, 271,- 



708 



24. Denver, 260,800 



25. Rochester, 256,417 



26. Providence, 254,960 



27. Saint Paul, 247,232 



28. Louisville, 238,910 



29. Columbus, 214,878 



30. Oakland, 198,604 



31. Toledo, 191,554 



1. New York, 5,602,841 17. 



2. Chicago, 2,497,722 



3. Philadelphia, 1,709,- 18. 



518 



4. Saint Louis, 757,309 

 6. Boston, 756,476 



6. Cleveland, 674,073 



7. Baltimore, 589,621 



8. Pittsburgh, 579,090 



9. Detroit, 571,784 



10. Los Angeles, 503,812 



11. Buffalo, 468,558 



12. San Francisco, 



463,516 



13. Milwaukee, 436,535 



14. Cincinnati, 410,476 



15. Newark, 408,894 



16. New Orleans, 371,- 



747 



