CIVILIZATION 



1398 



CIVILIZATION 



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Primary Election 

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Repudiation 



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Seal 



Single Tax 



Sovereignty 



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Suffrage 



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Woman Suffrage 



IVILIZATION, siv Hi za' shun. The 

 development of civilization is one of the most 

 interesting of the world's stories. It is one 

 in which everybody has a part, and the sooner 

 each one learns to play his part well the sooner 

 each will enjoy the fruits of a perfect civiliza- 

 tion. The story is a long one. It has been in 

 the making upwards of 100,000 years, yet 

 Emerson tells us that we are only "in the cock- 

 crowing and the morning-star." It is divided 

 into three parts, savagery, barbarism and civil- 

 ization, and each of these parts is likewise in 

 three parts, known as lower, middle and higher 

 savagery, barbarism and civilization. 



The best thinkers and the best workers of 

 savagery paved the way to barbarism; and the 

 best thinkers and the best workers of barba- 

 rism paved the way to civilization. And if 

 we are to have a better civilization, we must 

 have boys and girls and men and women who 

 are willing and able to be good thinkers and 

 good workers. 



Lower Savagery. Man in lower savagery 

 was not aware of doing anything for people 

 who were to live after him. In fact, it was all 

 he could do to supply the needs of the day. 

 He was without tools, without weapons, with- 

 out fire, without the experience of working with 

 others, and almost entirely dependent upon his 

 own efforts. In many respects Nature was 

 kind to him. She placed him in a mild climate 

 and in a region surrounded with wild plant 

 foods. But there was danger at every hand, 

 and he was filled with fear. The sabre-toothed 

 cat, the fiercest beast of prey ever known, 

 made his home in the neighboring caves; cave- 

 bears, tigers, wolves and hyenas lurked in the 

 thickets; hippopotamuses and rhinoceroses wal- 



lowed in the marshes and splashed in the rivers 

 and lakes; wild cattle, horses, bison and other 

 grass-eating animals fed on the hillsides and on 

 the grassy plains. 



The safest place of refuge for man was in the 

 branches of the tall trees. He was not able 

 to cope with the wild beasts. Most of the ani- 

 mals were stronger than he and were specially 

 fitted for the fierce struggle for existence; man 

 alone in the animal kingdom was not provided 

 with adequate means of attacking the wild 

 beasts or protecting himself from their attacks. 

 He was not like the tiger, that could tear and 

 rend with its sharp teeth; he was not like the 

 rhinoceros, that could trample one under its 

 feet ; nor was he like the wild horse, that could 

 strike hard blows with its hoofs. It would thus 

 seem that man was not intended for fighting 

 but for work of a different kind, and we find 

 that even the lowest savage was truly fitted for 

 a different kind of work. In certain respects he 

 was superior to any of the wild beasts. No 

 wild beast was able to think, as man could 

 think; no beast could do as many things as 

 man could do; no wild animal gave its young 

 training and care for so long a time as the 

 savage did. Man, in lowest savagery, thus 

 stands out from the brute world on account of 

 the fact that he is a "thinking animal" who 

 educates his young for a long period. Nature 

 soon gives the young animal skill of its kind, 

 but the young child needs training as well as 

 protection for several years. 



Had the lowest savage known enough, he 

 might have established civilization through 

 the exercise of the characteristics which dis- 

 tinguish him as man and separate him from 

 the beasts. But he did not know enough to 



