CIVIL SERVICE 



1402 



CIVIL SERVICE 



German Empire, Emperor 3,737,186 



Also income from private property, 

 castles, estates, etc. 

 Great Britain and Ireland, King and 



Queen receive (including expenses).. 2,288,900 

 Ex-Queen Alexandra, Prince of 

 Wales, and royal family also receive 

 allowances. 



Greece, King 389,600 



Italy, King 2,922,000 



Netherlands, Queen 240,000 



Also a large revenue from domains. 



Norway, King 187,719 



Portugal, President 12,652 



Russia, Czar, private estates of more 

 than 1,000,000 square miles of culti- 

 vated land and forests, also gold and 

 other mines in Siberia. The Czar's 

 income is greater than that of any 

 other of the world's rulers, but no- 

 body knows the exact amount. 



Spain, King 1,363,600 



And allowances to royal family. 



Sweden, King 381,077 



Turkey. The Sultan's Income is de- 

 rived from revenue of Crown do- 

 mains, about 5,000,000 



United States, President 75,000 



THE STORY OF 



IVIL SERVICE IN 

 THE UNITED STATES. 

 The business of the United 

 States government, not in- 

 cluding the army and navy, is of such vast 

 proportions that it requires nearly half a mil- 

 lion employees of both sexes to conduct it. 

 The government is by far the largest employer 

 in the country. Furthermore, this extensive 

 business embraces a great variety of occupa- 

 tions, some of which require only laborers, 

 while others call for highly-trained experts. 

 This branch of service forms the civil service 

 of the United States. Formerly all these posi- 

 tions were filled by appointments, and one of 

 the chief qualifications of an applicant for any 

 position was his ability to secure votes for the 

 party in power, but more especially for the 

 candidate for Representative in Congress from 

 his district. In other words, government posi- 

 tions were granted as rewards for partisan 

 political activity, and the fitness of the appli- 

 cant for the position was too frequently a 

 minor consideration. 



Civil Service Law. Under this system of 

 political appointments, the business of the 

 government became so demoralized that Con- 

 gress was compelled to take action, and in 

 1883 the Civil Service Act was passed. The 

 purpose of -the act as declared in its title is 

 "to regulate and improve the Civil Service 

 of the United States." 



Commission. The law 

 provided for the appoint- 

 ment by the President of 

 three commissioners, a chief 

 examiner, a secretary and such other officers 

 and employees as may be necessary. It was 

 the duty of the commissioners to aid the 

 President in making such rules as might be 

 necessary to carry the act into effect. They 

 now make all rules governing examinations and 

 make an annual report touching upon the 

 enforcement and effect of these rules. 



Rules. The service is classified into depart- 

 ments known as departmental service, customs 

 service, postal service, internal revenue service, 

 government printing, railway mail, pension, 

 lighthouse, Indian schools, insular possessions, 

 life saving, etc. Because of this classification 

 the civil service has become officially known 

 as the classified service. The commission is 

 required to make rules for filling positions in 

 all classes of service by open, competitive 

 examinations for testing the fitness of appli- 

 cants, and for filling vacancies by selections 

 among the successful candidates having the 

 highest grades. 



No person employed under the Civil Service 

 Act is obliged to contribute service or money 

 for political purposes. All employees may 

 vote as they please and have perfect freedom 

 to express privately their political opinions; 

 but they are forbidden to take an active part 



